Maximum Lebesgue extension of monotone convex functions

Given a monotone convex function on the space of essentially bounded random variables with the Lebesgue property (order continuity), we consider its extension preserving the Lebesgue property to as big solid vector space of random variables as possible. We show that there exists a maximum such extension, with explicit construction, where the maximum domain of extension is obtained as a (possibly proper) subspace of a natural Orlicz-type space, characterized by a certain uniform integrability property. As an application, we provide a characterization of the Lebesgue property of monotone convex function on arbitrary solid spaces of random variables in terms of uniform integrability and a “nice” dual representation of the function.     

Interpolation by neural network operators activated by ramp functions

In this paper, a family of interpolation neural network operators are introduced. Here, ramp functions as well as sigmoidal functions generated by central B-splines are considered as activation functions. The interpolation properties of these operators are proved, together with a uniform approximation theorem with order, for continuous functions defined on bounded intervals. The relations with the theory of neural networks and with the theory of the generalized sampling operators are discussed.     

Dynamics of a lattice gas model

Lotka–Volterra equations (LVEs) for mutualisms predict that when mutualistic effects between species are strong, population sizes of the species increase infinitely, which is the so-called divergence problem. Although many models have been established to avoid the problem, most of them are rather complicated. This paper considers a mutualism model of two species, which is derived from reactions on lattice and has a form similar to that of LVEs. Population sizes in the model will not increase infinitely since there is interspecific competition for sites on the lattice. Global dynamics of the model demonstrate essential features of mutualisms and basic mechanisms by which the mutualisms can lead to persistence/extinction of mutualists. Our analysis not only confirms typical dynamics obtained by numerical simulations in a previous work, but also exhibits a new one. Saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation and pitchfork bifurcation in the system are demonstrated, while a relationship between saddle-node bifurcation and pitchfork bifurcation in the model is displayed. Numerical simulations validate and extend our conclusions.     

Asymptotic ruin probabilities in a generalized bidimensional risk model perturbed by diffusion with constant force of interest

In the paper, we study three types of finite-time ruin probabilities in a diffusion-perturbed bidimensional risk model with constant force of interest, pairwise strongly quasi-asymptotically independent claims and two general claim arrival processes, and obtain uniformly asymptotic formulas for times in a finite interval when the claims are both long-tailed and dominatedly-varying-tailed. In particular, with a certain dependence structure among the inter-arrival times, these formulas hold uniformly for all times when the claims are pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and consistently-varying-tailed.     

Threshold behaviour of a stochastic SIR model

In this paper, we investigate the threshold behaviour of a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model with stochastic perturbation. When the noise is small, we show that the threshold determines the extinction and persistence of the epidemic. Compared with the corresponding deterministic system, this value is affected by white noise, which is less than the basic reproduction number of the deterministic system. On the other hand, we obtain that the large noise will also suppress the epidemic to prevail, which never happens in the deterministic system. These results are illustrated by computer simulations.     

A note on solving Cauchy integral equations of the first kind by iterations

The successive approximation method was applied for the first time by N.I. Ioakimidis to solve practical cases of a Cauchy singular integral equation: the airfoil one. In this paper we study a more general case. We prove the convergence of the method in this general case. The proposed method has been tested for two kernels which are particularly important in practice. Finally, some numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the method.     

Generating non-jumping numbers recursively

Let r?2 be an integer. A real number α∈[0,1) is a jump for r if there is a constant c>0 such that for any ε>0 and any integer m where m?r, there exists an integer n₀ such that any r-uniform graph with n>n₀ vertices and density ?α+ε contains a subgraph with m vertices and density ?α+c. It follows from a fundamental theorem of Erd?s and Stone that every α∈[0,1) is a jump for r=2. Erd?s asked whether the same is true for r?3. Frankl and Rödl gave a negative answer by showing some non-jumping numbers for every r?3. In this paper, we provide a recursive formula to generate more non-jumping numbers for every r?3 based on the current known non-jumping numbers.     

A uniform boundedness theorem for locally convex cones

We prove a uniform boundedness theorem for families of linear operators on ordered cones. Using the concept of locally convex cones we introduce the notions of barreled cones and of weak cone-completeness. Our main result, though no straightforward generalization of the classical case, implies the Uniform Boundedness Theorem for Fréchet spaces.

     

Random Flights in Higher Spaces

We consider in this paper random flights in ℝ ^d performed by a particle changing direction of motion at Poisson times. Directions are uniformly distributed on hyperspheres S ₁ ^d . We obtain the conditional characteristic function of the position of the particle after n changes of direction. From this characteristic function we extract the conditional distributions in terms of (n+1)−fold integrals of products of Bessel functions. These integrals can be worked out in simple terms for spaces of dimension d=2 and d=4. In these two cases also the unconditional distribution is determined in explicit form. Some distributions connected with random flights in ℝ³ are discussed and in some special cases are analyzed in full detail. We point out that a strict connection between these types of motions with infinite directions and the equation of damped waves holds only for d=2. Related motions with random velocity in spaces of lower dimension are analyzed and their distributions derived.