Chemometrics‐enhanced laser‐induced thermal emission detection of PETN and other explosives on various substrates

Infrared emissions (IREs) of samples of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) deposited as contamination residues on various substrates were measured to generate models for the detection and discrimination of the important nitrate ester from the emissions of the substrates. Mid‐infrared emissions were generated by heating the samples remotely using laser‐induced thermal emission (LITE). Chemometrics multivariate analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), support vector machines (SVMs), and neural network (NN) were employed to generate the models for the classification and discrimination of PETN IREs from substrate thermal emissions. PCA exhibited less variability for the LITE spectra of PETN/substrates. SIMCA was able to predict only 44.7% of all samples, while SVM proved to be the most effective statistical analysis routine, with a discrimination performance of 95%. PLS‐DA and NN achieved prediction accuracies of 94% and 88%, respectively. High sensitivity and specificity values were achieved for five of the seven substrates investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

线性回归模型中变量选择方法综述

变量选择是统计分析与推断中的重要内容,也是当今研究的热点课题。本文系统介绍了线性回归模型中变量选择的研究概况和最新进展,并指出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

Minimizing loss probability bounds for portfolio selection

In this paper, we derive a portfolio optimization model by minimizing upper and lower bounds of loss probability. These bounds are obtained under a nonparametric assumption of underlying return distribution by modifying the so-called generalization error bounds for the support vector machine, which has been developed in the field of statistical learning. Based on the bounds, two fractional programs are derived for constructing portfolios, where the numerator of the ratio in the objective includes the value-at-risk (VaR) or conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) while the denominator is any norm of portfolio vector. Depending on the parameter values in the model, the derived formulations can result in a nonconvex constrained optimization, and an algorithm for dealing with such a case is proposed. Some computational experiments are conducted on real stock market data, demonstrating that the CVaR-based fractional programming model outperforms the empirical probability minimization.     

Image completion based on creative design of massive images

How can we complete massive images with some missing region? In this paper, we present a new image completion algorithm. Our goal is to finish the uncompleted image with missing region more creative and seamless. In other words, we not only complete the missing region semantic valid but also make the completed image more seamless and consistent.     

Fuzzy inspired image classification algorithm for hyperspectral data using three-dimensional log-Gabor features

In hyperspectral image classification problems, the discriminative efficiency of the classifier depends on the features. To classify the heterogeneous classes present in hyperspectral imagery, biologically inspired models such as log-Gabor features are useful as they exhibit joint spatial-spectral characteristics of each pixel. Log-Gabor features occupy the state-of-the-art hyperspectral research domain for extracting the features at different scales and orientations. In this proposed work, three-dimensional log-Gabor wavelets with different scales and orientations are designed to obtain the complete spatial, spectral and joint spatial-spectral characteristics of individual pixels in the hyperspectral data. Aiming to improve the accuracy, a simple fuzzy inspired algorithm is also proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and is compared with other existing methods and supremacy is observed. The proposed methods are experimented on airborne visible infrared imaging sensor (AVIRIS) data of Indian Pine Site. The results witness the accuracy of 92.13% even while only 5% of the samples in each class were used for training for 3D log-Gabor features. Fuzzy inspired 3D log-Gabor features produce the accuracy of 93.11% for 5% training samples.     

一种机场目标检测与定位方法

针对机场目标检测定位时目标特征提取过于单一,识别结果不理想的问题,文章提出一种基于多源遥感图像的机场目标检测与定位方法;分别提取多光谱机场图像的跑道特征、纹理特征,以及相同区域SAR图像的后向散射特征,并将这些特征输入SVM分类器进行识别来判断候选区域是否包含机场,解决了目前特征单一、识别率较低等问题;实验结果表明该方法能更好地识别机场区域、提高识别率。     

基于支持向量机增量学习和LPBoost的人体目标再识别算法

摄像机间目标关联是无重叠视域多摄像机目标持续跟踪的关键.提出了一种只利用人体目标外观,完全不依赖于空时关系的人体目标再识别算法,利用识别结果直接进行跨摄像机间人体目标关联,而不依赖于目标的捕获时间和路径限制.对跟踪视频前景图像序列提取互补性视觉单词树直方图和全局颜色直方图二种特征,采用支持向量机增量学习在线训练二种特征的人体外观辨别模型,再利用多类线性规划增强算法对二种特征的支持向量机模型进行在线自适应融合.实验结果表明,本文算法具有较强的在线学习能力,能增量式表达人体目标辨别性外观模型,特征融合后的模型区别性更强,有效地降低多方面条件变化的影响,获得了高识别率,且能够实现快速实时实现,相对于现有方法有了明显提升.