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81.
Amid the debate over infinitesimals, Bolzano introduced the alternative notion of variable quantities ω in his 1816 work on the binomial theorem. It has often been assumed that his 1817 definition of continuity using them is practically the modern one. This paper explores Bolzano's early mathematical works and diaries to gain insight into the subtleties in his definition of ω and some of his mathematical procedures. We show that those quantities are not clearly ‘proto-Weierstrassian’ and argue that Bolzano was in the process of refinement and increasing abstraction of the idea of quantity that eventually led to the development of a theory of real numbers. 相似文献
82.
Let A?(??) denote the set of functions belonging to the disc algebra having real Fourier coefficients. We show that A?(??) has Bass and topological stable ranks equal to 2, which settles the conjecture made by Brett Wick in [18]. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for reducibility in some real algebras of functions on symmetric domains with holes, which is a generalization of the main theorem in [18]. A sufficient topological condition on the symmetric open set ?? is given for the corresponding real algebra A?(??) to have Bass stable rank equal to 1 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
《代数通讯》2013,41(9):4611-4621
Abstract Let nand dbe natural integers satisfying n ≥ 3 and d ≥ 10. Let Xbe an irreducible real hypersurface Xin ? n of degree dhaving many pseudo-hyperplanes. Suppose that Xis not a projective cone. We show that the arrangement ? of all d ? 2 pseudo-hyperplanes of Xis trivial, i.e., there is a real projective linear subspace Lof ? n (?) of dimension n ? 2 such that L ? Hfor all H ∈ ?. As a consequence, the normalization of Xis fibered over ?1in quadrics. Both statements are in sharp contrast with the case n = 2; the first statement also shows that there is no Brusotti-type result for hypersurfaces in ? n , for n ≥ 3. 相似文献
86.
We extend in several directions a complete convergence theorem for row sums from an array of rowwise independent random variables obtained by Sung, Volodin, and Hu [8] to an array of rowwise independent random elements taking values in a real separable Rademacher type p Banach space. An example is presented which illustrates that our result extends the Sung, Volodin, and Hu result even for the random variable case. 相似文献
87.
《随机分析与应用》2013,31(4):731-753
For a sequence of independent random elements {V n ,n≥1} in a real separable Banach space X, necessary and, separately, sufficient conditions are provided for the strong law of large numbers ∑ i=1 n (V i ?c i )/b n →0 almost certainly to hold where {c n ,n≥1} and {b n >0,n≥1} are suitable sequences of centering elements in X and norming constants, respectively. The necessity result extends a real line result of Martikainen[14] to a Banach space setting. The sufficiency result assumes that X is of Rademacher type p (1≤p≤2) and is new even when X is the real line. It is general enough to include as special cases a strong law of Adler, Rosalsky, and Taylor[2] for sums of independent and identically distributed random elements and a strong law of Heyde[9] for sums of independent (real-valued) random variables. Illustrative examples are provided showing that the results are sharp and an example is presented satisfying the hypotheses of the sufficiency result but not those of Heyde's[9] theorem. 相似文献
88.
89.
Francine Meylan 《偏微分方程通讯》2013,38(9):1638-1653
The Schwarz reflection principle in one complex variable can be stated as follows. Let M and M′ be two real analytic curves in ? and f a holomorphic function defined on one side of M, extending continuously through M, and mapping M into M′. Then f has a holomorphic extension across M. In this paper, we extend this classical theorem to higher complex dimensions for a class of hypersurfaces of infinite type. 相似文献
90.
Zeng Guangxing 《代数通讯》2013,41(10):3052-3063
The purpose of this article is to introduce the notion of real valuations on modules over commutative rings. These real valuations are characterized by their associated valuation triples, and a necessary and sufficient condition for a module to possess a real valuation is established. Moreover, the close interplay between valuations and orderings on a module is investigated by introducing the compatibility of valuations with orderings. Via the compatibility of valuations with orderings, the reality of valuations on a module also is characterized. 相似文献