Interfacial reaction and electrical characteristics of Cu(RuTaNx) on GaAs: Annealing effects

This study elucidates the thermal stability and quasi ohmic contact characteristics of Cu(RuTaN_x) fabricated on a barrierless GaAs substrate. Cu(RuTaN_x) was prepared by cosputtering Cu, Ta, Ru, and N. The resistivity of the Cu(RuTaN_x)/GaAs structure annealed at 500 °C for 30 min was lower than that of the as-deposited structure, and the former was thermally stable up to 500 °C after 30 min of annealing. Further, the Cu(RuTaN_x)/GaAs structure exhibited electrical rectifying properties upon annealing at 550 °C for 10 min and revealed a quasi ohmic contact, as determined by the circular transmission line model (CTLM). The formation of quasi ohmic contact is further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.     

Frequency and temperature amplitude dependence of complex heat capacity in the melting region of polymers

Amplitude and frequency dependence of reversible melting of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an ethylene octene copolymer (EOM) were studied using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) (2?10^?1 Hz <f < 0.05 Hz) and shear spectroscopy (dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA) (5?10^?4 Hz < f < 100 Hz). It was found that the excess heat capacity of PCL is constant for temperature amplitudes in the range 5 mK < A_T < 2 K. The excess heat capacity decreases with frequency of temperature perturbation and tends to zero at about 0.1 Hz and 100 Hz for PCL and EOM, respectively. The constant excess heat capacity and the frequency dependence support the idea that reversible melting is related to a relaxation process on the surface of the polymer crystals. The occurrence of such a relaxation process was shown by shear modulus measurements in the same frequency and temperature region. The relaxation process is, in the melting region, much slower than main relaxation (glass transition). At low temperatures, a crossover can be seen, indicating the independence of both processes because of spatial separation. The main relaxation is related to the melt, while the other is related to the crystal surface.     

Conservations laws for a porous medium equation through nonclassical generators

In Ibragimov (2007) [13] a general theorem on conservation laws was proved. In Gandarias (2011) and Ibragimov (2011) [7], [15] the concepts of self-adjoint and quasi self-adjoint equations were generalized and the definitions of weak self-adjoint equations and nonlinearly self-adjoint equations were introduced. In this paper, we find the subclasses of nonlinearly self-adjoint porous medium equations. By using the property of nonlinear self-adjointness, we construct some conservation laws associated with classical and nonclassical generators of the differential equation.     

A simple,fast, and accurate thermodynamic‐based approach for transfer and prediction of GC retention times between columns and instruments Part II: Estimation of target column geometry

The transfer of thermodynamic parameters governing retention of a molecule in gas chromatography from a reference column to a target column is a difficult problem. Successful transfer demands a mechanism whereby the column geometries of both columns can be determined with high accuracy. This is the second part in a series of three papers. In Part I of this work we introduced a new approach to determine the actual effective geometry of a reference column and thermodynamic‐based parameters of a suite of compounds on the column. Part II, presented here, illustrates the rapid estimation of the effective inner diameter (or length) and the effective phase ratio of a target column. The estimation model based on the principle of least squares; a fast Quasi‐Newton optimization algorithm was developed to provide adequate computational speed. The model and optimization algorithm were tested and validated using simulated and experimental data. This study, together with the work in Parts I and III, demonstrates a method that improves the transferability of thermodynamic models of gas chromatography retention between gas chromatography columns.     

Hessian Comparison and Spectrum Lower Bound of Almost Hermitian Manifolds

The authors obtain a complex Hessian comparison for almost Hermitian manifolds, which generalizes the Laplacian comparison for almost Hermitian manifolds by Tossati, and a sharp spectrum lower bound for compact quasi Kähler manifolds and a sharp complex Hessian comparison on nearly Kähler manifolds that generalize previous results of Aubin, Li Wang and Tam-Yu.     

On optimization problems with set-valued objective maps

In this paper, we consider constrained optimization problems with set-valued objective maps. First, we define three types of quasi orderings on the set of all non-empty subsets in n-dimensional Euclidean space and investigate their properties. Next, by using these orderings, we define the concepts of the convexities to set-valued maps and investigate their properties. Finally, based on these results, we define the concepts of optimal solutions to constrained optimization problems with set-valued objective maps and characterize their properties.     

S-Armendariz模与Quasi S-Armendariz模

作为对Armendariz环的推广,该文引进了S-Armendariz模,并证明了S-Armendariz模具有许多与Armendariz环相类似的性质,从而将文献中的相关结论推广到更一般的情形.