Impulsive delay differential inequality and stability of neural networks

In this article, a generalized model of neural networks involving time-varying delays and impulses is considered. By establishing the delay differential inequality with impulsive initial conditions and using the properties of M-cone and eigenspace of the spectral radius of nonnegative matrices, some new sufficient conditions for global exponential stability of impulsive delay model are obtained. The results extend and improve the earlier publications. An example is given to illustrate the theory.     

激光烧蚀硬铝产生等离子体温度和力学效应测量

 为了研究激光推进技术中激光与材料相互作用的机制，获取等离子体状态参数及力学参数，采用Nd:YAG被动调Q固体激光器烧蚀硬铝，通过激光诱导等离子体光谱技术测得等离子体光谱和温度，由冲量摆测得力学参数。实验结果显示：在激光功率密度0.534×10⁸ W/cm²时，靶材表面的等离子体温度在等离子体辐射过程中呈二次曲线衰减；改变靶材等离子体点燃阈值附近的激光功率密度时，随着功率密度的增加，等离子体温度、冲量耦合系数也随着增大，当功率密度达到靶材的等离子体点燃阈值时，各参数达到最大，此后随着功率密度增加，由于等离子体对能量的屏蔽作用，导致靶材表面的等离子体温度降低，等离子体获得的动能减少，靶材耦合的冲量降低。     

等离子体屏蔽和稀疏波对冲量耦合系数的影响

 利用脉冲Nd:YAG激光作用在铝、铜靶上，研究了不同入射激光能量下冲量耦合系数和离焦量之间的关系，以及不同功率密度情况下冲量耦合系数和光斑直径的关系。实验表明铝靶在入射激光脉冲能量由75.8 mJ增加到382.3 mJ时，冲量耦合系数峰值对应的最佳离焦量由－10 mm处远离焦点向透镜方向移到－18 mm，而对应的激光功率密度仅由2.0×10⁹ W/cm²增加到3.9×10⁹ W/cm²；铜靶实验规律和铝靶类似。等离子体屏蔽的吸收作用导致了冲量耦合系数达到最大值后迅速降低。铝靶在入射激光功率密度由0.7×10⁹ W/cm²增大到1.0×10¹⁰W/cm²时，冲量耦合系数随光斑直径增大而增大，对应变化斜率由5.2×10^-5N·s/（mm·J）增大到49.2×10^-5N·s/（mm·J），表明了稀疏波对冲量耦合系数的削弱作用随入射激光功率密度增加而增加，随光斑直径增大而减小。     

Verifying two commercial software implementations of impulse-response-based speech intelligibility measurements

A number of objective evaluation methods are currently used to quantify the speech intelligibility in a built environment, including the speech transmission index (STI), rapid speech transmission index (RASTI), articulation index (AI), and the percent articulation loss of consonants (%ALCons). Certain software programs can quickly evaluate STI, RASTI, and %ALCons from a measured room impulse response. In this project, two impulse-response-based software packages (WinMLS and SIA-Smaart Acoustic Tools) were evaluated for their ability to determine intelligibility accurately. In four different spaces with background noise levels less than NC 45, speech intelligibility was measured via three methods: (1) with WinMLS 2000; (2) with SIA-Smaart Acoustic Tools (v4.0.2); and (3) from listening tests with humans. The study found that WinMLS measurements of speech intelligibility based on STI, RASTI, and %ALCons corresponded well with performance on the listening tests. SIA-Smaart results were correlated to human responses, but tended to under-predict intelligibility based on STI and RASTI, and over-predict intelligibility based on %ALCons.     

Heat generation by impulse ultrasound

An original method allowing to get a system of nonlinear evolution equations for the interacting modes applies to a problem of the heat generation by non-periodic ultrasound, including impulse one. The basic idea and final equations for the thermoviscous plane flow are presented. The limit of periodic source is traced. The numerical calculations were based on the pulse solution of the Burgers equation as an ultrasound source. Some illustrations on temporal behavior of the medium expansion caused by the pulse ultrasound are presented.     

Simulation of MIMO channel characteristics for indoor visible light communication with LEDs

In order to study the characteristics of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) channel, first, the basic components of the communication system are analyzed. And then, we present a simplified ray tracing method for optical MIMO system to obtain its channel impulse response and frequency response. This method using ray tracing to calculate the impulse of the channel limits the reflections within three times. Finally, its validity is verified by the numerical simulations, and its simulation results have been discussed. The channel bandwidth is gradually narrow, direct response is getting small, and the first response becomes large from the center to the corner.     

SC-200质子加速器输运部磁体电源的输出纹波形成机理分析及其Simplorer仿真

介绍了质子治疗加速器输运部二极磁铁电流源的技术要求、主电路拓扑。该电源要求输出电流精度为25ppm，纹波小于25ppm。电源输出电流纹波由低频纹波和高频纹波组成。对电源输出电流纹波的形成机理进行了详细的理论分析和数学计算。得出了基于冲量控制原理的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电流跟踪控制技术可以有效消除输入低频纹波对输出电流的影响。同时也对输出电流高频纹波采用两种方法进行了定量的数学分析，并得出量化的结论和计算公式。借助AnsoftSimplorer电路仿真软件构建模型，验证了纹波规律结论及计算公式的准确性，并且提出了相应的纹波抑制策略。     

The interaction of oblique blast waves with buildings

Assessment of the net load imparted to a building that is oriented at some angle to an incident blast wave is complicated by the difficulty of establishing the impulse delivered to each part of the building’s surfaces. Expansion waves originating from the edges and top of the building—where regions of different pressures meet—tend to reduce the (oblique) reflected impulses that would develop on an infinitely large surface. This process is referred to as oblique clearing. An investigation which considered a single, tall building aligned obliquely to an effectively uniform blast wave has been undertaken with the aim of demonstrating and describing the path of these expansion waves as the blast wave passes over the building. The investigation comprised a series of small-scale experiments supported by numerical simulations using the code ftt_air3d. The loads arising at two scaled stand-off distances were considered. It is shown that depending on the angle of the building to the blast and the length of the blast wave with respect to the size of the building, the effect of the expansion waves may vary considerably, hence altering the load experienced by the building.     

Effects of signal processing on the measurement of maximum sound pressure levels

Maximum sound pressure levels are commonly used for environmental noise and building acoustics measurements. This paper investigates the signal processing errors due to Fast or Slow time-weighting detectors when combined with octave band filters, one-third octave band filters or an A-weighting filter. For 6th order Butterworth CPB filters the inherent time delay caused by the phase response of filters is quantified using three different approaches to establish the following rules-of-thumb: (1) time-to-gradient/amplitude matching occurs when Bt ≈ 1, (2) time-to-peak matching occurs when Bt ≈ 2 and (3) time-to-settle matching occurs when Bt ≈ 4 for octave band filters, and when Bt ≈ 3 for one-third octave band filters. Four different commercially-available sound level meters are used to quantify the variation in measured maximum levels using tone bursts, half-sine pulses, ramped noise and recorded transients. Tone bursts indicate that Slow time-weighting is inappropriate for maximum level measurements due to the large bias error. The results also show that there is more variation between sound level meters when considering Fast time-weighted maximum levels in octave bands or one-third octave bands than with A-weighted levels. To reduce the variation between measurements with different sound level meters, it is proposed that limits could be prescribed on the phase response for CPB filters and A-weighting filters.     

Dynamics on a pest management SI model with control strategies of different frequencies

Based on spraying pesticide and introducing infected pest and natural enemy for pest control, an SI ecological epidemic model with different frequencies of pesticide applications and infected pests and natural enemy releases is proposed and studied. With spraying either more or less frequently than the releases, the threshold condition of existence and global attractiveness of susceptible pest extinction periodic solution is obtained. We investigate the effects of the pest control tactics on the threshold conditions. We also show that the system has rich dynamics including period-doubling bifurcations and chaos as the release period increases, which implies that the presence of impulsive intervention makes the dynamic behavior more complex. Finally, to see how the pesticide applications can be reduced, we develop a model involving periodic releases of natural enemies with chemical control applied only when the densities of the pest reaches the given Economic Threshold. It indicates that the hybrid method is the most effective method to control pest and the frequency of pesticide applications largely depends on the initial densities and the control tactics.