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71.
Douglas Ridgway Herbert Levine David A. Kessler 《Journal of statistical physics》1998,90(1-2):191-210
The role of mutational bias in evolution on a smooth landscape is investigated. We consider both a finite-length genome where the bias increases linearly with the fitness, and an infinite genome with a fixed bias. We present simulations of finite populations in a waiting time model, showing both the nonequilibrium dynamics and the equilibrium fitness distributions that are reached. We compute the equilibrium analytically in several cases, using approximate direct solution of the master equations and truncated hierarchies. 相似文献
72.
用KMR模型研究了等离子体中多光子非线性Compton散射下电子相轨道的演化,发现电子与光子进行能量交换后,只有未被俘获电子的相轨道才能从周期性向非周期性、随机型演化,其演化剧烈程度随电子吸收光子数的增大而加剧,随电子与光子碰撞非弹性成分和碰撞前初始速度的增大而迅速减弱,但低于强激光场中的剧烈程度。当电子被光场俘获时,这种演化过程结束并做稳定的运动,光子不再为电子提供能量。 相似文献
73.
We analyze the iterative structure of unfactorized partonic structure functions in the large-x limit, and derive all-order expressions for the leading-logarithmic off-diagonal splitting functions Pgq and Pqg and the corresponding coefficient functions C?,q and C2,g in Higgs- and gauge-boson exchange deep-inelastic scattering. The splitting functions are given in terms of a new function not encountered in perturbative QCD so far, and vanish maximally in the supersymmetric limit CA−CF→0. The coefficient functions do not vanish in this limit, and are given by simple expressions in terms of the above new function and the well-known leading-logarithmic threshold exponential. Our results also apply to the evolution of parton fragmentation functions and semi-inclusive e+e− annihilation. 相似文献
74.
We study how initial network structure affects the evolution of cooperation in a spatial prisoner’s dilemma game. The network structure is characterized by various statistical properties. Among those properties, we focus on the variance of the degree distribution, and inquire how it affects the evolution of cooperation by three methods of imitation. For every method, it was found that a scale-free network does not always promote the evolution of cooperation, and that there exists an appropriate value of the variance, at which cooperation is optimal. 相似文献
75.
Evolution of Chinese airport network 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With the rapid development of the economy and the accelerated globalization process, the aviation industry plays a more and more critical role in today’s world, in both developed and developing countries. As the infrastructure of aviation industry, the airport network is one of the most important indicators of economic growth. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the Chinese airport network (CAN) via complex network theory. It is found that although the topology of CAN has remained steady during the past few years, there are many dynamic switchings inside the network, which have changed the relative importance of airports and airlines. Moreover, we investigate the evolution of traffic flow (passengers and cargoes) on CAN. It is found that the traffic continues to grow in an exponential form and has evident seasonal fluctuations. We also found that cargo traffic and passenger traffic are positively related but the correlations are quite different for different kinds of cities. 相似文献
76.
Serge Galam 《Physica A》2010,389(17):3619-3054
Public debates driven by incomplete scientific data where nobody can claim absolute certainty, due to the current state of scientific knowledge, are studied. The cases of evolution theory, global warming and H1N1 pandemic influenza are investigated. The first two are of controversial impact while the third is more neutral and resolved. To adopt a cautious balanced attitude based on clear but inconclusive data appears to be a lose-out strategy. In contrast overstating arguments with incorrect claims which cannot be scientifically refuted appears to be necessary but not sufficient to eventually win a public debate. The underlying key mechanisms of these puzzling and unfortunate conclusions are identified using the Galam sequential probabilistic model of opinion dynamics (Galam, 2002 [4], Galam, 2005 [18], Galam and Jacobs, 2007 [19]). It reveals that the existence of inflexible agents and their respective proportions are the instrumental parameters to determine the faith of incomplete scientific data in public debates. Acting on one’s own inflexible proportion modifies the topology of the flow diagram, which in turn can make irrelevant initial supports. On the contrary focusing on open-minded agents may be useless given some topologies. When the evidence is not as strong as claimed, the inflexibles rather than the data are found to drive the opinion of the population. The results shed a new but disturbing light on designing adequate strategies to win a public debate. 相似文献
77.
Thomas Lorenz 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2018,457(2):1502-1567
Applications in robust control problems and shape evolution motivate the mathematical interest in control problems whose states are compact (possibly non-convex) sets rather than vectors. This leads to evolutions in a basic set which can be supplied with a metric (like the well-established Pompeiu–Hausdorff distance), but it does not have an obvious linear structure. This article extends differential inclusions with state constraints to compact-valued states in a separable Hilbert space H. The focus is on sufficient conditions such that a given constraint set (of compact subsets) is viable a.k.a. weakly invariant. Our main result extends the tangential criterion in the well-known viability theorem (usually for differential inclusions in a vector space) to the metric space of non-empty compact subsets of H. 相似文献
78.
In this paper, applying the theory of semigroups of operators to evolution family and Banach fixed point theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of an (a) almost automorphic (weighted pseudo almost automorphic) mild solution of the semilinear evolution equation x′(t)=A(t)x(t)+f(t,x(t)) in Banach space under conditions. 相似文献
79.
Pierre-A. Vuillermot 《Journal of Functional Analysis》2010,259(11):2923-2190
In this article we provide a set of sufficient conditions that allow a natural extension of Chernoff's product formula to the case of certain one-parameter family of functions taking values in the algebra L(B) of all bounded linear operators defined on a complex Banach space B. Those functions need not be contraction-valued and are intimately related to certain evolution operators U(t,s)0?s?t?T on B. The most direct consequences of our main result are new formulae of the Trotter-Kato type which involve either semigroups with time-dependent generators, or the resolvent operators associated with these generators. In the general case we can apply such formulae to evolution problems of parabolic type, as well as to Schrödinger evolution equations albeit in some very special cases. The formulae we prove may also be relevant to the numerical analysis of non-autonomous ordinary and partial differential equations. 相似文献
80.
We study the phenomenon of finite time blow-up in solutions of the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the parabolic equation