全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2579篇 |
免费 | 263篇 |
国内免费 | 213篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 222篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 414篇 |
综合类 | 66篇 |
数学 | 1469篇 |
物理学 | 878篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 134篇 |
2013年 | 211篇 |
2012年 | 126篇 |
2011年 | 176篇 |
2010年 | 120篇 |
2009年 | 160篇 |
2008年 | 173篇 |
2007年 | 179篇 |
2006年 | 155篇 |
2005年 | 126篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 123篇 |
2002年 | 112篇 |
2001年 | 80篇 |
2000年 | 83篇 |
1999年 | 72篇 |
1998年 | 59篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3055条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
Multiaxial mechanical behavior of aramid fibers and identification of skin/core structure from single fiber transverse compression testing 下载免费PDF全文
Judith Wollbrett‐Blitz Sébastien Joannès Rémi Bruant Christophe Le Clerc Marc Romero De La Osa Anthony Bunsell Alba Marcellan 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(3):374-384
The transverse and longitudinal mechanical properties of aramid fibers like Kevlar? 29 (K29) fibers are strongly linked to their highly oriented structure. Mechanical characterization at the single fiber scale is challenging especially when the diameter is as small as 15 µm. Longitudinal tensile tests on single K29 fibers and single fiber transverse compression test (SFTCT) have been developed. Our approach consists of coupling morphological observations and mechanical experiments with SFTCT analysis by comparing analytical solutions and finite element modeling. New insights on the analysis of the transverse direction response are highlighted. Systematic loading/unloading compression tests enable to experimentally determine a transverse elastic limit. Taking account of the strong anisotropy of the fiber, the transverse mechanical response sheds light on a skin/core architecture. More importantly, results suggest that the skin of the fiber, typically representing a shell of one micrometer in thickness, has a transverse apparent modulus of 0.2 GPa. That is around more than fifteen times lower than the transverse modulus of 3.0 GPa in the core. By comparison, the measured longitudinal modulus is about 84 GPa. The stress distribution in the fiber is explored and the critical areas for damage initiation are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 374–384 相似文献
43.
Noa Lachman Yifat Harel Adam Green Noa Iuster Jean‐Paul Lellouche H. Daniel Wagner 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2012,50(14):957-962
In this article, Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) of varying diameters, both untreated and polycarboxylated, were dispersed at constant weight percentage in an epoxy matrix, and resulting fracture toughnesses (KIc) were measured in each case. We show that changing the MWCNT diameter has two effects on the composite fracture toughness: (i) a small MWCNT diameter enables larger interfacial surface for adhesion maximization, which increases toughness; (ii) at the same time, it limits the available pull‐out energy and reduces the MWCNT ability to homogeneously disperse in the matrix due to this same large active surface: this decreases toughness. Most commercially available MWCNTs have a length range of several μm, thus an optimal diameter exists which depends on MWCNT wall thickness and surface treatment. Such optimal diameter maximizes pull‐out energy and thus composite fracture toughness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 相似文献
45.
46.
Synthesis and structure–property relationship of carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole copolymers 下载免费PDF全文
Jules Oriou Feifei Ng Georges Hadziioannou Cyril Brochon Eric Cloutet 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(17):2059-2068
A series of four π‐conjugated carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole copolymers (PCBT) were prepared by Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction between synthesized dibromocarbazoles as electron‐rich subunits and 4,7‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)?2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole as electron‐deficient subunits. The subunits were directly linked through 2,7‐ or 3,6‐ positions of the carbazole. In addition, the carbazole monomers have been N‐substituted by a branched or a linear side‐chain. The chemical structure of the copolymers and their precursors was confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopies, and their molar masses were estimated by SEC. Thermal analysis under N2 atmosphere showed no weight loss below 329°C, and no glass transition was observed in between 0 and 250°C. The band gaps of all PCBTs evaluated by optical spectroscopies and by cyclic voltammetry analysis were consistent with expectations and ranged between 2.2 and 2.3 eV. Finally, 2,7 and 3,6 linkages were shown to influence optical properties of PCBTs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2059–2068 相似文献
47.
48.
Samantha Jenkins 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2013,113(11):1603-1608
The need to make more quantitative use of the total electronic charge density distribution is demonstrated in this short perspective. This is framed in the perspective of the ground breaking early work of Bader and coworkers, along with mathematicians who captured the essential nature of a molecule in a suitably compact form in real space. We see that this simple form is the Poincaré–Hopf relation for molecules and clusters and the Euler–Hopf relation in solids. Thom's theory of elementary catastrophes combined with the Poincaré–Hopf relation provides the inspiration for the new quantum topology. An alternative use of the Poincaré–Hopf relation, molecular recognition, is discussed. Quantum topology is then used to create a topology phase diagram for both molecules and solids. The author adds their perspectives of the huge potential of the quantum topology approach by demonstrating the ease with which new theoretical ideas can be generated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
49.
Jie Han Feng-Yan Zhang Juan-Yu Wang Yan-Mei Wang Mei-Li Pang Ji-Ben Meng 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(8):825-833
A series of heterocyclic liquid crystalline compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole, furan and thiophene units were synthesised and characterised by means of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR. The thermal behaviours were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM). The effect of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, furan, thiophene and benzene rings on the liquid crystalline properties was discussed briefly in context with the geometrical and electronic factors. The results showed that the tendency to form mesophases follows the sequence: 1,4-disustituted benzene >2,5-disubstituted thiophene >2,5-disustituted furan and 1,3,4-thiadiazole >1,3,4-oxadiazole. 相似文献
50.
Teresa Álvarez 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2015,38(9):1838-1846
A classical formula for the gap between two densely defined closed operators in a Hilbert space is extended to the case of linear relations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献