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141.
Niamh O'Meara Mark Prendergast 《International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science & Technology》2018,49(4):501-516
Mathematics educators and legislators worldwide have begun placing a greater emphasis on teaching mathematics for understanding and through the use of real-life applications. Revised curricula have led to the time allocated to mathematics in effected countries being scrutinised. This has resulted in policy-makers and educationalists worldwide calling for the inclusion of double class periods on the mathematics timetable. Research from the United States suggests that the introduction of double or block periods allow for the objectives of revised curricula to be realized. The aim of this study, which is set in the school context, is first to ascertain if schools in Ireland are scheduling double periods for mathematics at both lower post-primary level (Junior Cycle) and upper post-primary level (Senior Cycle). It also seeks to determine if there is a link between teachers’ levels of satisfaction with the time allocated to mathematics and the provision of double periods and to get insights from teachers in relation to their opinions on what can be achieved through the introduction of such classes. Questionnaires were sent to 400 post-primary schools (approximately 1600 teachers) which were selected using stratified sampling techniques. It was found that 8.7% of mathematics teachers reported the provision of double periods at Junior Cycle while 55% reported that double periods were included on their timetable at Senior Cycle. The study also identified a link between teachers’ levels of satisfaction with the time allocated to mathematics and the provision of double periods. Finally, teachers felt that double periods allowed for new teaching methodologies, which were promoted by the revised curricula, to be implemented and teaching for understanding was also more feasible. In essence, it was found that double periods have an influence on the mathematical experience of post-primary students as well as the teaching approaches employed. 相似文献
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143.
Let be a finite simple graph. For , the difference of , where is the neighborhood of and is called the critical difference of . is called a critical set if equals the critical difference and is the intersection of all critical sets. is the union of all critical independent sets. An independent set is an inclusion minimal set with if no proper subset of has positive difference.A graph is called a König–Egerváry graph if the sum of its independence number and matching number equals .In this paper, we prove a conjecture which states that for any graph the number of inclusion minimal independent set with is at least the critical difference of the graph.We also give a new short proof of the inequality .A characterization of unicyclic non-König–Egerváry graphs is also presented and a conjecture which states that for such a graph , the critical difference equals , is proved.We also make an observation about using Edmonds–Gallai Structure Theorem as a concluding remark. 相似文献
144.
For an insurance company, effective risk management requires an appropriate measurement of the risk associated with an insurance portfolio. The objective of the present paper is to study properties of ruin-based risk measures defined within discrete-time risk models under a different perspective at the frontier of the theory of risk measures and ruin theory. Ruin theory is a convenient framework to assess the riskiness of an insurance business. We present and examine desirable properties of ruin-based risk measures. Applications within the classical discrete-time risk model and extensions allowing temporal dependence are investigated. The impact of the temporal dependence on ruin-based risk measures within those different risk models is also studied. We discuss capital allocation based on Euler’s principle for homogeneous and subadditive ruin-based risk measures. 相似文献
145.
针对集群企业板材资源滞留、无法共享、加工旺季材料短缺等问题,依据区域板材特性和区域企业集群地理相关优势,建立以减少需求方板材订单采购费用最小化为目标的板材订单分配模型,采用以粒子群、免疫算法相结合的混合调度算法。计算过程中,将订单分配对应企业编号作为免疫系统的抗体基因,通过比较适应度函数解与订单预算成本的关系,将抗体群区分为支配解与非支配解,提高算法对抗原的免疫能力和最优解的选择概率。最后以板材订单分配实例进行试验仿真,分别采用PSO算法与IA-PSO算法进行试验对比,对平台上6家订单发布企业寻找合适地理位置相近和价格相对低廉的供应商。试验结果表明,IA-PSO算法能够有效地解决区域集群内板材订单的匹配问题,并且在寻找价格更低和位置更合适的供应商上更有优势。 相似文献
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147.
本文研究基于Heston随机波动率模型的资产负债管理问题。假设金融市场由一个无风险资产和一个风险资产构成,投资者的目标是最大化其终端财富的期望效用。应用随机控制方法,得到了该问题最优资产配置策略的解析表达式和相应值函数的解析解,通过数值算例分析了Heston模型主要参数以及债务对最优资产配置策略的影响。结果表明:配置到风险资产的比例对Heston模型中的参数非常敏感;为了对冲债务风险,负债的引入使得配置到风险资产的比例比无负债情形下的高;在风险厌恶系数变大时,无论投资者是否有负债,其投资到风险资产的比例则越来越低。 相似文献
148.
In this paper a two-stage game that involves three container terminals located in Karachi Port in Pakistan is discussed. In the first stage, the three terminals have to decide on whether to act as a singleton or to enter into a coalition with one or both of the other terminals. The decision at this stage should presumably be based on the predicted outcome for the second stage. The second stage is here modelled as a Bertrand game with one outside competitor, the coalition and the terminal in Karachi Port (if any) that has not joined the coalition. Furthermore, three partial and one grand coalition among the three terminals at Karachi Port are investigated. The concepts of “characteristic function” and “core” are used to analyse the stability of these coalitions and this revealed that one combination does not satisfy the superadditivity property of the characteristic function and can therefore be ruled out. The resulting payoffs (profits) of these coalitions are analysed on the basis of “core”. The best payoff for all players is in the case of a “grand coalition”. However, the real winner is the outsider (the terminal at the second port) which earns a better payoff without joining the coalition, and hence will play the role of the “orthogonal free-rider”. 相似文献
149.
In this paper, we consider how to address the issues of having designs with close performance in the multi-objective ranking and selection (MORS) problem. To resolve this issue we propose integrating the indifference-zone (IZ) concept into the multi-objective computing budget allocation (MOCBA) framework. In particular, when IZ is introduced into the MOCBA framework, we address how to determine the probability of non-dominance, how to define the Pareto set, and how to derive allocation rules for the simulation replications. Empirical results show that the MOCBA framework with IZ can significantly save simulation budget when designs to be compared have close performance. 相似文献
150.
针对网格环境的自治性、动态性、分布性和异构性等特征.提出基于多智能体系统(Mutil Agent System,MAS)博弈协作的资源动态分配和任务调度模型,建立了能够反映供求关系的网格资源调度模型和任务求解算法,证明了资源分配博弈中Nash均衡点的存在性、唯一性和Nash均衡解,该方法能够利用消费者agent的学习和协商能力,考虑和引入消费者的心理行为,使得消费者的资源申请和任务调度具有较高的合理性和有效性.实验结果表明,资源调度算法不但可以有效减少不必要的延迟,而且在响应时间的平滑性、吞吐率及资源利用率方面比传统算法要好,从而使得整个资源的供需合理、负载均衡. 相似文献