全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4570篇 |
免费 | 417篇 |
国内免费 | 408篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 514篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 670篇 |
综合类 | 107篇 |
数学 | 3365篇 |
物理学 | 727篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 59篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 105篇 |
2019年 | 128篇 |
2018年 | 143篇 |
2017年 | 149篇 |
2016年 | 165篇 |
2015年 | 150篇 |
2014年 | 225篇 |
2013年 | 374篇 |
2012年 | 208篇 |
2011年 | 268篇 |
2010年 | 200篇 |
2009年 | 275篇 |
2008年 | 308篇 |
2007年 | 295篇 |
2006年 | 262篇 |
2005年 | 245篇 |
2004年 | 222篇 |
2003年 | 216篇 |
2002年 | 189篇 |
2001年 | 141篇 |
2000年 | 151篇 |
1999年 | 134篇 |
1998年 | 112篇 |
1997年 | 85篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 38篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5395条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
93.
L. Davidson 《Journal of Turbulence》2016,17(3):274-307
The partially Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) model can be used to simulate turbulent flows either as RANS, large eddy simulation (LES) or DNS. Its main parameter is fk whose physical meaning is the ratio of the modelled to the total turbulent kinetic energy. In RANS fk = 1, in DNS fk = 0 and in LES fk takes values between 0 and 1. Three different ways of prescribing fk are evaluated for decaying grid turbulence and fully developed channel flow: fk = 0.4, fk = k3/2 tot/? and, from its definition, fk = k/ktot where ktot is the sum of the modelled, k, and resolved, kres, turbulent kinetic energy. It is found that the fk = 0.4 gives the best results. In Girimaji and Wallin, a method was proposed to include the effect of the gradient of fk. This approach is used at RANS– LES interface in the present study. Four different interface models are evaluated in fully developed channel flow and embedded LES of channel flow: in both cases, PANS is used as a zonal model with fk = 1 in the unsteady RANS (URANS) region and fk = 0.4 in the LES region. In fully developed channel flow, the RANS– LES interface is parallel to the wall (horizontal) and in embedded LES, it is parallel to the inlet (vertical). The importance of the location of the horizontal interface in fully developed channel flow is also investigated. It is found that the location – and the choice of the treatment at the interface – may be critical at low Reynolds number or if the interface is placed too close to the wall. The reason is that the modelled turbulent shear stress at the interface is large and hence the relative strength of the resolved turbulence is small. In RANS, the turbulent viscosity – and consequently also the modelled Reynolds shear stress – is only weakly dependent on Reynolds number. It is found in the present work that it also applies in the URANS region. 相似文献
94.
95.
探讨了环境光,对谷氨酸钠溶液的近红外激光拉曼光谱的影响。研究表明不同的环境光,自然光和室内荧光灯光,均会对近红外拉曼光谱产生不同的干扰效应,存在着特征谱峰,倒峰或尖锐正峰。虽干扰表现不同,但都有影响,不能忽略。建议在进行溶液近红外激光拉曼光谱检测时,须在暗室或暗罩中进行,以完全隔离环境光的影响。 相似文献
96.
A novel periodic boundary condition (PBC), that is the constant transverse wavenumber (CTW) method, is introduced to solve the time delay in the transverse plane with oblique incidence. Based on the novel PBC, the FDTD/PBC algorithm is proposed to study periodic structure consisting of plasma and vacuum. Then the reflection coefficient for the plasma slab from the FDTD/PBC algorithm is compared with the analytic results to show the validity of our technique. Finally, the reflection coefficients for the plasma photonic crystals are calculated using the FDTD/PBC algorithm to study the variation of bandgap characteristics with the incident angle and the plasma parameters. Thus it has provided the guiding sense for the actual manufacturing plasma photonic crystal. 相似文献
97.
基于表面阻抗边界条件时域有限差分(FDTD)方法研究了一维斜入射情况下非磁化等离子体薄涂层涂敷金属材料的电磁散射特性, 该方法忽略对薄层背景材料进行网格剖分, 大大减少了计算量. 首先推导了理想导体涂敷等离子体薄涂层的表面阻抗频域表达式, 然后代入边界条件并变换到时域, 再用分段线性递推卷积方法将时域表达式离散得到FDTD迭代式. 编程计算了垂直及斜入射情形下的平行极化和垂直极化反射系数, 通过验证算例与解析解对比, 结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性. 最后利用该方法分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响. 相似文献
98.
The initial condition Ωde(zini)=n2(1+zini)-2/4 at zini=2000 widely used to solve the differential equation of the density of the new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) Ωde, makes the NADE model be a single-parameter dark-energy cosmological model. However, we find that this initial condition is only applicable in a flat universe with only dark energy and pressureless matter. In fact, in order to obtain more information from current observational data, such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we need to consider the contribution of radiation. For this situation, the initial condition mentioned above becomes invalid. To overcome this shortage, we investigate the evolutions of dark energy in the matter-dominated and the radiation-dominated epochs, and obtain a new initial condition Ωde(zini)=n2(1+zini)-2(1+√F(zini)2/4 at zini=2000, where F(z)≡Ωr0(1+z)/[Ωm0+Ωr0(1+z)] with Ωr0 and Ωm0 being the current density parameters of radiation and pressureless matter, respectively. This revised initial condition is applicable for the differential equation of Ωde obtained in the standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe with dark energy, pressureless matter, radiation, and even spatial curvature, and can still keep the NADE model being a single-parameter model. With the revised initial condition and the observational data of type Ia supernova (SNIa), CMB, and BAO, we finally constrain the NADE model. The results show that the single free parameter n of the NADE model can be constrained tightly. 相似文献
99.
100.
就一般非完整约束系统,从约束方程满足的变分恒等式出发,利用增广位形流形上的向量场定义三类非自由变分,即非完整变分:vakonomic变分、Hlder变分、Suslov变分,并讨论它们之间的关系以及它们成为自由变分的充要条件.利用非完整变分以及相应的积分变分原理建立两类动力学方程:vakonomic方程和Routh方程或Chaplygin方程.通过vakonomic方程分别与Routh方程和Chaplygin方程比较,得到它们具有共同解的两类充分必要条件.这些条件并不是约束的可积性条件.
关键词:
非完整约束
非完整变分
Chetaev条件
vakonomic动力学 相似文献