Attractors of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using maximal cliques and attract methods

BackgroundOur study was designed to identify the differential attractor modules related with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by integrating clustering-based on maximal cliques algorithm and Attract method.MethodsWe firstly recruited the HCM-related microarray data from ArrayExpress database. Next, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of normal and HCM were constructed and re-weighted using spearman correlation coefficient (SCC). Then, maximal cliques were found from the PPI networks through the clustering-based on maximal cliques approach. Afterwards, highly overlapped cliques were eliminated or merged according to the interconnectivity, and then modules were obtained. Subsequently, we used Attract method to identify differential attractor modules, following by the pathway enrichment analyses for genes in differential attractor modules.ResultsAfter removing the cliques with nodes less than or equal to 4, 926 and 1118 maximal cliques in normal and HCM PPI networks were obtained for module analysis. Then, we obtained 32 and 55 modules from the PPI networks of normal and HCM, respectively. By comparing with normal condition, there were 5 module pairs with the same or similar gene composition. Significantly, based on attract method, we found that these 5 modules were differential attractors. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that proteasome, ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation were the significant pathways.ConclusionsProteasome, ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation might play pathophysiological roles in HCM.     

Area radiation monitoring on ISS Increments 17 to 22 using PADLES in the Japanese Experiment Module Kibo

The measurement of radiation environmental parameters in space is essential to support radiation risk assessments for astronauts and establish a benchmark for space radiation models for present and future human space activities. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is performing a continuous area radiation monitoring experiment using the “PAssive Dosimeters for Lifescience Experiments in Space” (PADLES) system inside the Japanese Experiment Module Kibo on board the International Space Station (ISS). The PADLES dosimeter consists of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). JAXA has run the Area PADLES experiment since the Kibo module was attached to the ISS in June 2008, using 17 dosimeters in fixed locations on the Pressurized Module (PM) and the Experiment Logistics Module-Pressurized Section (ELM-PS) of Kibo, which are replaced every 6 months or every Increment, respectively. For three monitoring periods, known as Area PADLES experiment series #1 to #3, of 301, 180, and 232 days in June 2008 to April 2010 over ISS Increments 17 to 22, the average absorbed dose (dose equivalent) rates of 12 positions in the PM of Kibo were 319 ± 30 μGy/day (618 ± 102 μSv/day), 276 ± 30 μGy/day (608 ± 94 μSv/day), and 293 ± 33 μGy/day (588 ± 84 μSv/day), respectively. The radiation measurement in the ELM-PS was conducted in only Area PADLES experiment series #3 from August 2009 to April 2010 (232 days) over ISS Increments 21 to 22, the average absorbed dose (dose equivalent) rates of 5 positions was 297 ± 28 μGy/day (661 ± 65 μSv/day). The directional dependence of the radiation field was also investigated by installing PADLES dosimeters located in the zenith of ELM-PS of Kibo.     

多元低温混合工质相平衡计算模块的开发

微型J-T制冷机是当前低温领域的研究热点之一,采用混合工质可以大幅度提高其热效率。而对多元混合物相平衡计算一直是人们努力研究的内容之一,本文在理论研究的基础上开发了一套完整的计算程序,可用来计算多元混合物的汽-液(LV)、汽-液-液(LLV)、汽-液-液-固(LLVS)相平衡。     

Prime orientable graphs

A graph G is prime orientable if it is possible to orient its edges in such a way that the resulting oriented graph is prime, i.e., indecomposable under modular decomposition. We characterize prime orientable graphs.     

On functors between categories of modules over trusses

Categorical aspects of the theory of modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product of modules over trusses is defined and its existence established. In particular, it is shown that bimodules over trusses form a monoidal category. Truss versions of the Eilenberg-Watts theorem and Morita equivalence are formulated. Projective and small-projective modules over trusses are defined and their properties studied.     

Rank-preserving module maps

In this paper, we characterize rank one preserving module maps on a Hilbert C^*-module and study its applications on free probability theory.     

Low-Cost Fully Non-fused Ring Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Modules for Multi-Scene Applications

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, with highly tunable light-response ranges, offer significant potential for use in driving low-power consumption off-grid electronics in multi-scenarios. However, development of photoactive layer materials that can meet simultaneously the requirements of diverse irradiation conditions is a still challenging task. Herein, a low-cost fully non-fused acceptor (denoted as GS60) featuring well-matched absorption spectra with solar, scattered light and artificial light radiation was designed and synthesized. Systematic characterizations revealed that GS60 possessed outstanding photoelectron properties and ideal morphology, which resulted in reduced voltage loss and suppressed charge recombination. By blending with a non-fused ring polymer PTVT−T, the as-obtained GS60 based OPV cells achieved a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1 %, a high value for the cells based on non-fused ring bulk heterojunction. Besides, manufactured large-area OPV modules based on PTVT−T:GS60 yielded PCEs of 11.2 %, 11.8 %, 12.1 %, 23.1 %, and 20.3 % under irradiation of AM 1.5G, natural light of cloudy weather, natural light in shadow, laser and indoor, respectively. The PTVT−T:GS60 devices exhibited considerable potential in terms of improving photostability and reducing material cost. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost non-fused ring acceptors, and extended potential of medium band gap acceptors based OPV cells used in various application scenarios.     

Chain Conditions for Skew Polynomial Modules

§１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒＲｉｓａｎａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｖｅｒｉｎｇｂｕｔｎｏｔｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙｈａｓａｕｎｉｔｙ，ｈｉｓａｎｅｎｄｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍｏｆａｌｅｆｔＲ－ｍｏｄｕｌｅＭ，ａｎｄｗｅｆｒｅｅｌ...     

模丛上的嵌入子丛

利用模丛之间的嵌入关系,构造出了自由丛 的嵌入子丛和任一模丛的嵌入子自由丛. 得到一般模丛都能够成为一个自由丛 的嵌入子丛; 同时任一模丛也能够有一自由丛(或投射丛)是它的嵌入子丛; 还给出了投射丛转化为自由丛的条件.