Further investigations on the influence of scale-up of a high shear granulator on the granule properties

This study focuses on the characterisation of strength, density, and size of granules produced in various scales of a high shear granulator. Calcium carbonate （Durca165） was used as the feed powder and aqueous polyethylene glycol （PEG 4000） as the binder. The dried granules were analysed for their strength, density, size distribution, and wall make-up. Granules were produced in granulators with four scales, 1, 5, 50, and 250 L under three scale-up rules of constant tip speed, constant shear stress, and constant Froude number. The results show that regardless of equipment scale, increasing the impeller speed has a great effect on crushing strength and stress. The underlying cause is an increase in granule density due to more consolidation at higher impeller speeds. Wall make-up is significantly reduced to less than 5% as the scale is increased from 1 to 250 L. The results of this study corroborate our previous findings that the constant tip speed rule is the best criterion for scale-up of high shear granulators.     

秸秆发酵燃料乙醇关键问题及其进展

利用木质纤维素原料生产燃料乙醇是国际公认的难题.本文从秸秆原料组分不均一性出发,分析了秸秆难以高值化原因;进一步分析了秸秆酶解发酵燃料乙醇的关键问题,介绍了有关秸秆原料预处理、纤维素酶生产、秸秆酶解发酵乙醇和产业化示范工程等的进展.秸秆酶解发酵燃料乙醇产业化示范工程具有自主知识产权,为实现我国秸秆转化燃料乙醇的规模化、产业化、低成本生产奠定了基础.     

基于FTIR分析猪场废水有机物分解过程中组成结构变化

猪场废水排放的环境污染问题日益受到重视,研究废水中有机物的组成结构变化将可为制订合理的污染防治措施提供科学依据。本研究通过设置不同规模化猪场废水的室内培养试验,在培养过程中定期采样,采用抽滤、冷冻干燥等方法获得可溶性有机物(DOM)固体样品;运用FTIR光谱仪采集样品的红外谱图,研究废水中DOM组成结构在有机分解过程中的变化。结果表明,不同猪场来源的废水中DOM具有类似的组成结构,且主要由蛋白质、脂质类、腐殖酸、多糖类和酚类等有机物组成。随着培养天数的增加,与脂质类、蛋白质和酚类等相关的官能团含量逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而与腐殖酸和多糖类相关的官能团显著增加直至平稳。与初始样品相比,培养20天后样品中DOM组成结构以腐殖酸和多糖类为主,表明DOM的腐殖化程度有所提高。此外,与纤维素分子内氢键缔合的羟基(OH)相比,纤维素分子间氢键缔合的羟基降解速率相对更快,而以前者对微生物的降解更为敏感。废水中DOM以酚羟基C—O的降解速率更快,随后是芳香族COOH、糖类C—O和酰胺羰基CO,而糖类C—O倾向于优先被微生物所利用。综上所述,废水中不同的DOM组成结构在有机降解过程中的变化存在一定差异。     

Validated scale-up procedure to predict blockage condition for fluidized dense-phase pneumatic conveying systems

This paper presents results of an ongoing investigation into modelling fluidized dense-phase pneumatic conveying of powders. For the reliable design of dense-phase pneumatic conveying systems, an accurate estimation of the blockage boundary condition or the minimum transport velocity requirement is of sig- nificant importance. The existing empirical models for fine powder conveying in fluidized dense-phase mode are either based on only a particular pipeline and product or have not been tested for their accuracy under a wide range of scale-up conditions. In this paper, a validated test design procedure has been devel- oped to accurately scale-up the blockage boundary with the help of a modelling format that employs solids loading ratio and Froude number at pipe inlet conditions using conveying data of two different samples of fly ash, electro-static precipitation （ESP） dust and cement （particle densities： 2197-3637 kgJm3; loose poured bulk densities： 634-1070kg/m3; median size： 7-30 l~m）. The developed models （in power func- tion format） have been used to predict the blockage boundary for larger diameter and longer pipelines （e.g. models based on 69 mm I.D. ~ 168 m long pipe have been scaled up to 105 mm I.D. and 554 m length）. The predicted blockage boundaries for the scale-up conditions were found to provide better accuracy compared to the existing models.     

山区稻田规模化精养鱼类的可行性研究

为探索山区稻田规模化精养鱼类的可行性,以体长3～6cm的瓯江彩鲤为放养对象,在浙西山区景宁县15个乡镇的512hm2稻田里进行了生产性试验.放养密度3000～9000尾.hm2,经200 d左右精心饲养,收获总商品鱼5.76×105 kg,每公顷平均产鱼1 125 kg,平均毛利超过15000元.据此,并结合山区稻田的基本特点及其养鱼现状,探讨了适用于山区稻田养鱼规模化开发的田块、品种、规格、密度和日常管理等精养鱼类的技术环节,提出了技术推广与产品营销的配套措施,为山区稻田养鱼的规模化发展提供参考.     

“十二五”仪器仪表行业利润总额将达713亿

随着“十二五”规划的公布和仪器仪表行业“十二五”规划的公布,未来5年仪器仪表行业将迎来规模化发展的新征途。在未来5年内,仪器仪表行业产销值计划年均增长15％,累计增幅74．9％以上,     

富硒香菇规模化栽培实验及其富硒规律研究

为了了解规模化栽培后富硒香菇的产量（生物学效率）及富硒规律，本实验通过香菇栽培基质添加模式，采取规模化生产进行富硒香菇栽培试验，选取不同浓度硒营养强化剂对香菇品种“向阳二号”和“9608”进行添加，测定相对应的香菇生物学效率以及第一潮次和第二潮次的总硒及硒代氨基酸的含量。实验发现向阳二号香菇，在硒添加量较低（0-6mg/kg）时香菇的生物转化率基本不随硒添加量的增加而改变，当硒添加量继续增加（10-60mg/kg）时，香菇的生物转化率整体低于低添加量；9608香菇，随着硒添加量的增加（0～60mg/kg），香菇的生物转化率表现出微弱的增加趋势，但差异性不显著；而两种不同品种、潮次香菇的总硒及硒代氨基酸含量均随着硒添加量的增加而提高，但硒代氨基酸占总硒的比例变化趋势却有所不同，在66.7-85.4%范围内。此外，对于不同品种的香菇，其第一潮次总硒含量在硒的添加量在0～20 mg/kg的范围内呈现良好的规律性，总硒是基质（风干）中硒含量的约4-5倍。可见，按照该规模化栽培模式进行生产栽培，可以得到总硒含量稳定、硒代氨基酸占总硒比＞65%的富硒香菇产品，对富硒香菇产业的发展有一定的指导意义。