Method to accurate calibrate deposition rates of EUV multilayer coatings

Random thickness error is an important factor which effects the calibration accuracies of deposition rates for extreme ultraviolet （EUV） multilayer coatings fabricated by sputter deposition techniques. A least square fitting method is proposed to determine deposition rates and extract random thickness errors accurately. The validity of this method is shown by evaluating two deposition systems with control abilities of -0.1 nm and better than 0.01 nm respectively.     

Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems

Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple "design variables" on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware’s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium(Li)-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for "scale bridging."     

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection with array sensors

Ultrasonic guided wave becomes one of promising tool for monitoring various types of structures such as large steel plates, vessels, and pipes in oil, chemical or nuclear industry, because guided waves have ability to travel wide range of the target structure in a single position. However, analysis of guided wave signals acquired from structure is difficult on account of low S/N ratio and its dispersive nature. To improve S/N ratio and overcome dispersion effect, focusing techniques for guided waves are needed. Thus, in this study, focusing techniques for guided waves were developed in order to improve long range inspection ability, and performance of the developed techniques was verified by experiments.     

弯道水流二维浅水模型的修正研究

借鉴有关弯道水流流速分布的研究成果,计入深度平均流速与真实流流速分布差值引起的扩散效应,在正交曲线坐标系下建立了平面二维浅水模型.采用以标准κ-ε模型为基础的曲率效应修正紊流模型模拟紊动应力项,在一定程度上考虑了流线弯曲水流紊动应力的各向异性.应用控制体积法和交错网格法离散方程,并用SIMPLEC算法求解离散方程;同时采用修正后的模型对90°弯道水流进行了数值模拟,并与原模型的计算结果及实测资料进行了比较,结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟流线弯曲水流的水力特性.     

天津博纳高性能色谱核心技术通过验收

由天津滨海企业天津博纳固体材料科技有限公司承担的“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目——高性能色谱分离材料和色谱柱的研制近日通过验收。此举标志着国内企业已掌握高性能色谱行业的核心技术，结束了色谱填料和色谱柱依赖进口的历史。据博纳公司总经理尹铮介绍说，该公司所掌握的技术已经达到国际先进水平，而产品价格却只有国外同类产品的50％左右。目前公司的产品已被国内多家企业和科研院所选用，并成功打入国际市场。     

Effects of CRAC Channel on Spatiotemporal Ca2＋ Patterns in T Cells

A reaction-diffusion model is built to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of cytoplasmic Ca2＋ dynamics under the effects of Ca2＋-release activated Ca2＋ （CRAC） channels in T cells. Simulation results show a strong dependence of the modulation mode of Ca2＋ oscillation and dynamic patterns of Ca2＋ wave on the influx rate through the CRAC channel （ksoc）. When ksoc is small, cytoplasmic Ca2＋ is modulated as a frequency-modulation （FM） signal, whereas it shows an amplitude modulation （AM） mode after ksoc passes through a critical value. The heterogeneity in spatial Ca2＋ distribution is mostly arising from the influx through CRAC channels in both FM and AM modes. During each Ca2＋ spike, a more sustained cytoplasmic Ca2＋ gradient is maintained in the AM mode rather than in the FM mode.     

教育生态学视角下的高中物理教学

我们往往会将生态学与自然联系起来,但其实对于"生态"这一概念已不仅仅局限于"自然生态",已扩展到了社会学的范畴,如教育系统中,美国哥伦比亚大学师范学院院长劳伦斯·A·克雷明1976年在<公共教育>一书中正式提出了"教育生态学(Ecology of Education)"一词,从20世纪70年代开始,国内也开始了很多关于教育生态的研究,从教育生态的视角,高中物理的教学就是一个多元的生态体系,我们很难用主客两分的思维方式来对它进行满意的解释,这个教育生态系统由很多要素构成,包括受教育者(学生)、施教者(教师)、教育体制特性、知识系统、社会需要(期望)等.     

第6届全国地质与地球化学分析学术报告会(第一轮通知)

为推动全国地质与地球化学分析技术的发展，促进国内与国际学术交流，中国地质学会岩矿测试技术专业委员会定于2009年8月或9月举办第6届全国地质与地球化学分析学术报告会。     

氦氖激光纵模脉冲检测及其数据处理

在分析常用低噪声快速光电探测器的基础上,选择PIN光电二极管来探测氦氖激光纵模脉冲。通过合理设计降低前放电路的噪声,根据被测脉冲频率设计探测电路的带宽,达到提高信噪比的目的。同时在后端的数据处理中,根据激光脉冲的波形函数,利用曲线拟合的方法来进一步去除测量中的各种噪声,从而准确地了解脉冲的形状、相位等信息,大大地提高了在现有硬件设备条件下测量的准确性,减小了测量误差。