水热法制备S、N共掺杂碳点及其银离子的荧光检测

以通过氢键形成分子单元的异硫氰酸胍为掺杂剂,采用一锅水热法制备了具有明亮蓝色荧光的S、N共掺杂碳点.结构表征显示,N和S元素能够通过杂环原子和碳点表面官能团的形式充分掺杂.该碳点溶液的光致发光最佳激发波长为395nm,对应发射谱从"激发独立"变为"激发依赖".在碳点的形成过程中,出现了一些分子级荧光团,随着碳化过程以表面官能团的形式键合在碳点的表面,这为该碳点作为银离子检测的传感探针提供了可能.碳点溶液荧光强度和银离子浓度在不同浓度范围内成线性关系,基团-S-C≡N能够促进银离子对碳点溶液荧光的猝灭效应.该碳点溶液制备方法简单、性能优异,为高效检测工业污染物中银离子的应用提供了一种可能的途径.     

莱氏星星振动模式的研究

基于微扰理论建立加热平面上液滴自激振动的基本模型,研究了莱氏星星的产生条件,以及相关参量如液滴半径、液滴振动频率等因素对莱氏星星振动模式的影响,并对液体周期性振荡模式进行了有限元模拟.通过实验测量出液滴振荡模式个数、振荡频率与液滴半径的关系,与理论分析及仿真结果相符.通过研究莱氏液滴振动模式及自激振荡机制,对液滴在高温表面的复杂动力学过程有了更深入的了解,在金属工业及石油工业等领域有着重要的应用.     

英国国家科研与创新署学科交叉研究资助机制及启示

Newly established in 2018, the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) strengthens the strategic coordination of the UK research and innovation system by bringing together seven Research Councils, Research England, and Innovate UK. Through its nine organizations, UKRI funds multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in a number of priority areas. It also runs the Strategic Priorities Fund to support multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in strategic areas identified by government policies as well as the Global Challenges Research Fund to promote challenge-led interdisciplinary research needed by developing countries. The UKRI makes significant efforts to engage stakeholders in the development, design, and implementation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary programs. It has also developed a range of mechanisms to improve the evaluation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary projects. Chinese science and innovation funding agencies could draw upon the UKRI experience from four aspects to advance interdisciplinary research in China.     

一种内部威胁实时检测与防护中间件模型

针对企业信息系统中的内部威胁行为,特别是内部用户的资源滥用行为,提出了一种基于中间件的实时检测框架,并定义了安全功能和相应组件,通过比较用户身份权限和异常操作行为发现恶意内部威胁行为.将对象序列化技术与传统密码技术相结合实现用户实名登录,保证操作防抵赖性.从根本上防止了恶意内部人员获取非法数据并提供检测功能,提高了信息系统的安全性.     

声音

“惨烈一词居然成了他们的财务总监不约而同写在财务报告上的用语。”知情人士看过顺德数家“明星级”企业内部财务报告后感慨道。     

奖惩机制下考虑销售努力的闭环供应链协调

以一个制造商和一个零售商组成的闭环供应链为研究对象,考虑在政府的奖惩机制下需求同时受销售价格和销售努力影响的供应链协调问题.首先,在集中决策下,研究了供应链系统的最优决策,并给出了均衡解存在的条件和奖惩力度所满足的范围;在分散决策下,重点分析了奖惩力度以及销售努力对供应链双方决策的影响.其次,使用特许经营契约能够使供应链达到协调.最后,给出了数值算例和仿真分析.     

无机固体材料中的忆阻效应

缺陷调控是固体化学中的基本问题,也是决定材料性能的核心要素。基于缺陷调控的忆阻效应将给未来电子信息领域带来全新的变革。本文综述了无机固体材料中忆阻效应的研究进展,主要总结了忆阻效应的产生机制和忆阻材料的类型,结合原子级p-n结的相关工作,提出深入明确电场下缺陷迁移机制将是从无机固体化学角度研究忆阻效应的重要方向。     

碳纤维表面原位SiC纳米纤维的合成与生长

基于化学气相反应法,以高纯Si和SiO₂为反应源材料,在碳纤维表面原位生长β-SiC纳米纤维。采用XRD、SEM和TEM 等分析测试手段对SiC纳米纤维进行了表征分析,研究了不同反应温度和时间对生成β-SiC纳米纤维微观形貌和结构的影响,并探讨了β-SiC纳米纤维的生长机制。研究结果表明：采取化学气相反应法能够制备高质量、高纯度的β-SiC纳米纤维,纳米纤维的直径约为100~300 nm。随着反应温度的提高和时间的延长,纳米纤维的产额增加,且微观组织形貌发生了变化。结合制备过程和纳米纤维微观结构的观察分析,表明气-固(VS)机制是SiC纳米纤维生长的主要机理。     

Ion Pairing Kinetics Does not Necessarily Follow the Eigen-Tamm Mechanism

The most recognized and employed model of the solvation equilibration in the ionic solutions was proposed by Eigen and Tamm, in which there are four major states for an ion pair in the solution： the completely solvated state, 2SIP （double solvent separate ion pair）, SIP （single solvent separate ion pair）, and CIP （contact ion pair）. Eigen and Tamm suggested that the transition from SIP to CIP is always the slowest step during the whole pairing process, due to a high free energy barrier between these two states. We carried out a series of potential of mean force calculations to study the pairing free energy profiles of two sets of model mono- atomic 1：1 ion pairs 2.0：x and x：2.0. For 2.0：x pairs the free energy barrier between the SIP and CIP states is largely reduced due to the salvation shell water structure. For these pairs the SIP to CIP transition is thus not the slowest step in the ion pair formation course. This is a deviation from the Eigen-Tamm model.     

Wrinkling and Growth Mechanism of CuO Nanowires in Thermal Oxidation of Copper Foil

We report a systematic study on wrinkling and CuO nanowires （NWs） growth in the thermal oxidation of copper foil. Copper foils with thickness of 0.5 mm were thermally oxidized in air at 500℃ for 0.5-10 h. It is found that all the samples have wrinkles and the size of the wrinkles increases with the oxidation time increasing. CuO NWs can grow on both the sidehill and hilltop of wrinkle. The CuO NWs on sidehill are longer and denser than those on hilltop. The growth direction of the CuO NWs on sidehill is not vertical to the substrate but vertical to their growth surfaces. The process of wrinkling and CuO NWs growth can be divided into three stages： undulating, voiding, and cracking. The CuO NWs on both sidehill and hilltop grow at the undulating stage. However, only the CuO NWs on sidehill grow and those on hilltop stop growing at the voiding and cracking stages because of the void in hilltop. The local electric field in a wrinkle at undulating stage was calculated, and it is found that the difference of local electric field strengths between hilltop and sidehill is small, which indicates that the predominant driving force for the diffusion of Cu ion during CuO NWs growth is internal stress.