论不确定性结构力学的发展

结构力学是直接为工程结构设计服务的,而工程设计中包含大量不确定性因素和信息,包括随机性、模糊性和未确知性信息.由于引用统计数学方法处理随机性问题,在结构力学中产生了可靠性理论和随机振动理论.随着模糊性和未确知性问题的提出和研究,近年来在结构力学中又逐渐形成了一些新的分支,包括结构的不确定性优化设计,广义(模糊随机)可靠性理论,模糊随机振动理论和模糊地震工程学等.本文简要地介绍这四个新的分支的发展情况,主要介绍作者及其学生们的工作,并着重介绍基本概念.      

Inelastic coupled response of eccentric buildings with respect to different earthquake intensity

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｌａｔｅｒａｌ＿ｔｏｒｓｉｏｎａｌｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｅｌａｓｔｉｃｒａｎｇｅｈａｄｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ.ＫａｎａｎｄＣｈｏｐｒａ(1981)[1]ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄａｏｎｅ＿ｓｔｏｒｙｍｏｄｅｌｗｉｔｈｓｉｎｇｌｅｌａｔｅｒａｌｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｒｅａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｔｈａｔｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｅｌａｓｔｉｃｒａｎｇｅｉｓａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂ…     

地震作用下摩擦耗能减震结构优化

提出了地震作用下摩擦耗能支撑参数优化的一种新的数学模型。它的特点是在给定的几条地震波作用下,在满足框架的规范层间位移角限值要求下,框架各层安装的耗能支撑刚度之和最小,从而实现安装较少的耗能装置而能达到相同的抗震要求。本文利用遗传算法求解该优化问题,并编制了基于遗传算法的几条地震波分别作用下的摩擦耗能框架结构支撑参数弹塑性动力优化分析程序GAOFF。最后给出了一6层框架在三条地震波分别输入下的优化算例,分析结果表明本文方法是有效的。     

Novel mechanism for discrete scale invariance in sandpile models

Numerical simulations and a mean-field analysis of a sandpile model of earthquake aftershocks in 1d, 2d and 3d Euclidean lattices determine that the average stress decays in a punctuated fashion after a main shock, with events occurring at characteristic times increasing as a geometrical series with a well-defined multiplicative factor which is a function of the stress corrosion exponent, the stress drop ratio and the degree of dissipation. These results are independent of the discrete nature of the lattice and stem from the interplay between the threshold dynamics and the power law stress relaxation. This novel mechanism of log-periodicity does not rely on a pre-existing discrete structural hierarchy of faults but is dynamical and reflects the existence of an approximately fixed stress drop together with the scale-free stress corrosion power law acting during inter-seismic phases. Received 24 November 1999