Surface phenomena of HA/TiN coatings on the nanotubular-structured beta Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy for biomaterials

Surface phenomena of HA/TiN coatings on the nanotubular-structured beta Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy for biomaterials have been investigated by several experimental methods. The nanotubular structure was formed by anodizing the Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy in 1 M H₃PO₄ electrolytes with 1.0 wt.% NaF at room temperature. Hydroxyapatite (HA)/titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited on Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy specimens using a magnetron sputtering system. The HA target was made of human tooth-ash by sintering at 1300 °C for 1 h, and the HA target had an average Ca/P ratio of 1.9. The HA/TiN depositions were performed, using the pure HA target, on Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy following the initial deposition of a TiN buffer layer coating. Microstructures and nanotubular morphology of the coated alloy specimens were examined by FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and XPS. The Ti-29Nb-5Zr alloy substrate had small grain size and preferred orientation along the drawing direction. The HA/TiN coating was stable with a uniform morphology at the tips of the nanotubes.     

Surface characteristics of TiN/ZrN coated nanotubular structure on the Ti-35Ta-xHf alloy for bio-implant applications

In this study, we investigated the surface characteristics of the TiN/ZrN-coated nanotubular structure on Ti-35Ta-xHf ternary alloys for bio-implant applications. These ternary alloys contained from 3 wt.% to 15 wt.% Hf contents and were manufactured in an arc-melting furnace. The Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys were heat treated in Ar atmosphere at 1000 °C for 24 h, followed by water quenching. Formation of the nanotubular structure was achieved by an electrochemical method in 1 M H₃PO₄ electrolytes containing 0.8 wt.% NaF. The TiN coating and ZrN coating were subsequently prepared by DC-sputtering on the nanotubular surface. Microstructures and nanotubular morphology of the alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDX and XRD. The microstructure showed a duplex (α′′ + β) phase structure. Traces of martensite disappeared with increasing Hf content, and the Ti-35Nb-15Hf alloy had an entirely equiaxed structure of β phase. This research has shown that highly ordered, high aspect ratio, and nanotubular morphology surface oxide layers can be formed on the ternary titanium alloys by anodization. The TiN and ZrN coatings formed on the nanotubular surfaces were uniform and stable. The top of the nanotube layers was uniformly covered with the ZrN film compared to the TiN film when the Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys had high Hf content.     

感光性树脂应用于发光二极管平面自适应封装技术

采用感光性树脂+荧光粉进行了发光二极管平面自适应涂覆技术,实现了白光发光二极管荧光粉涂层的平面化工艺,使器件出光的亮度、空间色度均匀性较之传统封装工艺器件有了明显的改善,光斑及单管间色度、亮度偏差均小于6%.综合聚乙烯醇的感光和硅胶的物化、光学性能,在粉浆法工艺中采用乳化技术,实现了聚乙烯醇+硅树脂的多相结构的荧光粉平面涂层,有助于进一步改善荧光粉层的物化性能,而多相涂层有效折射率的提高更有利于提高器件的整体出光效率.由于感光性树脂其感光波长覆盖范围非常广,另外还可以通过光增感等技术使其感光波长范围变得其与发光二极管的发光波长相匹配,这样,对于各种荧光粉转化的白光发光二极管都可以实现平面涂层技术.由于大部分感光材料对紫外部分的吸收更强烈,所以对于紫外+三基色荧光粉的传统灌封技术将会得到明显的改善.     

锂离子电池正极材料磷酸锰锂研究进展

LiMnPO₄具有环境友好、价格低廉及能量密度高（～700 Wh·kg^-1）等优点,同时高强度的P-O共价键组成的PO₄四面体构成了LiMnPO₄稳定的骨架,使得LiMnPO₄具有稳定的晶体结构,保证了LiMnPO₄正极材料的安全性. 因此LiMnPO₄被认为是具发展潜质的下一代候选正极材料之一,并有望应用到电动车（EV）领域. 本文系统地介绍了LiMnPO₄的结构与性能的关系以及导电机制,并比较了LiMnPO₄和LiFePO₄动力学行为的异同;同时阐述了近年来关于LiMnPO₄一些富有争议性的问题,如LiMnPO₄中是否存在Jahn-Teller效应及LiMnPO₄的热稳定性等. 此外,LiMnPO₄改性措施比如形貌控制、表面改性和掺杂也会在文中得到详细评述.     

新型不锈钢基二氧化铅-碳化钨复合电极材料的研制

在不锈钢基上通过复合电沉积的方式制备了二氧化铅 碳化钨（PbO2-WC）电极。 考察了温度、电流、WC颗粒浓度对电极性能的影响;通过析氧曲线、Tafel曲线、扫描电子显微镜能谱、X射线衍射图谱考察了WC颗粒掺杂前后PbO2电极相关性能的变化。 结果表明,在最佳工艺即温度70 ℃、镀液中WC颗粒浓度为40 g/L时,电流密度为0.015～0.025 A/cm2;PbO2-WC共沉积过程中PbO2发生了择优生长,WC颗粒的加入能够细化PbO2晶粒,使镀层变得致密,相对于PbO2电极,PbO2-WC复合电极的耐腐蚀性上升,析氧过电位下降。     

考虑塑性和刚度不匹配的焊接残余应力估算

现有残余应力计算方法未能考虑材料塑性变形和焊接接头刚度不匹配的影响,使得焊接残余应力计算结果和实际残余应力存在较大偏差.在2219-T87铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊接头残余应力测试基础上,提出一种基于非线性有限元和材料弹性模量分区的残余应力—释放应变曲线的残余应力计算方法,研究了材料塑性变形和接头刚度不匹配对焊接残余应力计算的影响.结果表明,焊接接头中非均质材料塑性不匹配可以引起对于残余应力计算的较大误差;材料塑性变形对残余应力的影响大于接头刚度不匹配对残余应力的影响.所提出方法修正了传统方法在焊接接头的残余应力计算中由于未考虑接头非均质材料塑性不匹配而引起的误差.     

考虑频率依赖性的涂层复合结构固有特性求解

粘弹性阻尼材料的力学特性参数会随着频率的变化而改变,即具有频率依赖性,因而传统的动力学建模及分析方法不能满足实际涂层结构优化设计的需要。在简要介绍粘弹性阻尼材料频率依赖性的基础上,本文提出用特征向量增值法来求解涂层复合结构的固有特性,并详细推导了特征向量增值法的求解原理。由此,提出了特征向量增值法的计算流程,包括计算无阻尼系统的固有特性,用Fox and Kapoor或者Nelson方法计算复特征向量增量;用Rayleigh熵法求解复特征值。最后,以涂敷粘弹性阻尼材料的钛基薄板为例,求解了该复合结构的固有特性,并与经典的模态应变能法进行了比较,证明了所提方法的正确性。     

交变磁场对激光熔覆Fe基复合涂层组织结构及其耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆辅助电磁控制工艺在45钢表面合成了Fe-Cr-Si-B-C复合涂层.通过对熔覆层进行SEM、EDS和XRD表征,研究了外加交变磁场对涂层微观组织和物相结构的影响.结果表明:外加磁场可降低激光熔池固-液界面前沿液相的温度梯度和增加非均质形核率,促使粗大、方向性很强的柱状晶转变为均匀、细小的等轴晶,并能够消除熔覆层内的气孔和裂纹等缺陷,但其对熔覆层物相组成的影响不大.熔覆涂层由白色初生γ-(Fe,Cr)固溶体相和其间黑色的γ-(Fe,Cr)共晶相组成,同时含有少量Fe3(B,C)、Cr7(B,C)3、CrFeB等碳化物和硼化物.常温干摩擦磨损试验表明,外加磁场所制备的涂层耐磨性能得到明显提高,其磨损失重仅为未加磁场的43％,且摩擦系数波动较小.     

Nano-Ni粉体对Fe/WC涂层组织和性能的影响

在Fe/WC喷涂材料中添加不同量的Nano-Ni粉体,采用亚音速火焰喷涂技术在Q235基体上制备涂层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等设备进行显微组织、表面形貌观察及物相分析,利用MM-W1磨损试验机和HXD-1000TM型显微硬度仪对涂层的性能进行测试.结果表明:Nano-Ni粉体可以细化涂层组织,提高涂层的致密性,随着Nano-Ni粉体添加量的增大,相应的力学性能均得到提高,在涂层形成过程中Nano-Ni粉体与喷涂材料中的其他成分形成了一些新相,如Fe-Ni固溶体和CeNi3,这些新相为改善涂层组织和提高涂层的力学性能起到积极作用.     

WELD ROOT MAGNIFICATION FACTORS FOR SEMI-ELLIPTICAL CRACKS IN T-BUTT JOINTS

Many researchers have focused their efforts on fatigue failures occurring on weld toes. In recent years, more and more fatigue failures occur on weld roots. Therefore, it is important to explore the behaviour of weld root fatigues. This paper investigates numerically the Magnification factors (Mk) for types of semi-elliptical cracks on the weld root of a T-butt joint. The geometry of the joint is determined by four important parameters: crack depth ratio, crack shape ratio, weld leg ratio and weld angle. A singular element approach is used to generate the corresponding finite element meshes. For each set of given four parameters of the semi-elliptical root crack, the corresponding T-butt joint is numerically simulated and its Mk at the deepest point of the weld root crack is obtained for the respective tension and shear loads. The variation range of the four parameters covers 750 cases for each load, totaling 1500 simulations are completed. The numerical results obtained are then represented by the curve to explore the effects of four parameters on the Mk. To obtain an approximate equation representing Mk as a function of the four parameters for each load, a multiple regression method is adopted and the related regression analysis is performed. The error distributions of the two approximate equations are compared with the finite element data. It is confirmed that the obtained approximate functions fit very well to the database from which they are derived. Therefore, these two equations present a valuable reference for engineering applications in T-butt joint designs.