硬度及冲击韧性对高钒高速钢磨损稳定性的影响

通过改变热处理工艺获得不同硬度及冲击韧性、含钒10%的高钒高速钢试样,提出了磨损稳定性的概念及采用磨损稳定性因子(K)量化磨损稳定性的方法,研究了硬度和冲击韧性对高钒高速钢的磨损稳定性影响.结果表明:随着硬度增加,磨损稳定性及其耐磨性提高;随着冲击韧性提高,虽然耐磨性降低,但磨损稳定性有所提高.在本文试验条件下,随着残余奥氏体变化量(△A)增加,高钒高速钢的磨损稳定性下降.     

摩托车传动用滚子链磨损特性的研究

道路行驶磨损试验结果表明，摩托车传动用滚子链套筒和销轴零件的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损，并伴随有疲劳磨损的特征．由微观分析和链条的磨损伸长量可知：套筒和销轴的初始表面硬度较高，有利于改善其磨损表面形貌状态和耐磨性；在磨粒磨损机制下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较低，容易产生“犁切”，表面层的循环硬化现象比较明显，磨损严重；在油池润滑条件下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较高，裂纹的扩展速率较快，循环软化现象也较明显，当表面硬度较低时发生循环硬化．循环软化与循环硬化是导致磨损严重的原因之一．     

Environmental monitoring using a conventional photographic digital camera for multianalyte disposable optical sensors

The primary interest of this study concerns the use of an inexpensive photographic digital camera as the detection system, using its own flash as the source of light to present a new analytical procedure to measure disposable multianalyte optical sensors for potassium, magnesium, hardness and conventional pH test strips. The camera arrangement was designed in a fixed position over an optical board with controllable ambient conditions. After acquiring the digital image, the analytical information contained in each test zone is analyzed using theRGB colour space. Reflectance measurements were developed to study the colourimetric and spectral characteristics of the test zones. We obtained the following application ranges and precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD %): for potassium from 3.2 × 10⁻⁷ to 0.1 M with a precision between 3.3 and 4.0%, for magnesium from 2.7 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.5 M showing a precision between 4.7 and 7.8% and finally for hardness from 4.3 × 10⁻² to 200,000 mg L⁻¹ CaCO₃ and between 5.1 and 7.0%. Moreover, the analytical characteristics of several optical procedures were compared with the results presented here. The proposed method was statistically validated against a reference procedure using samples of water from different sources and beverages, indicating that there are no significant statistical differences at a 95% confidence level.     

负载均衡问题

自Ron Graham20世纪60年代发表第一篇负载均衡算法的论文以来,平行机排序作为组合优化近似算法理论的首个问题引起了学界的广泛兴趣,其本身研究的不断深化也一路见证了该领域的发展历程.介绍负载均衡问题的来龙去脉,特别是作者所在团队在相关问题的研究进展,从算法和复杂性不同的视角分析经典问题的计算本质,并对未来的研究提出一些建议.     

钩刺山羊草Aegilops triuncialis籽粒硬度主效基因的克隆与表达

根据小皮Pin a，Pin b，GSP基㈥的保守序列，设计合成了3对特异性引物，对四倍体钩刺山羊草Aegilopstriumialis的基因组DNA和胚乳RNA进行Pin a，Pin b，CSP基因扩增、克降、序列测定和表达分析，发现了两个新型Pin a等位堆因、一个新刑Pin b等化基因和一个新型GSP等位基因，基因序列均与六倍体小麦的同源基因存在较大的差异，Southern Blot分析结果表明，该材料巾含有2个拷贝Pin a。基因，5个拷贝Pin b基因，2个拷贝GSP基因．RT-PCR和Western Blot都证实了Pin a，Pin b，GSP基因在籽粒胚乳中的表达．研究结果显示由羊草可以为小麦分子育种提供有用的遗传资源。     

Radiation effects in calcite

Calcite single crystals on neutron bombardment change their colour to pale red, red and deep red, as the duration of irradiation increases. The irradiated surface becomes rugged and on etching, a large number of micropits are observed. Using Vicker’s hardness indenter, it is observed that the hardress of the irradiated crystal increases with the increase in the total dosage. From Laue x-ray diffraction studies of irradiated crystals, distortion of lattice is observed. Absorption spectra in the visible region show an extra peak for irradiated samples which is absent for radiated ones. The radiation effects are annealed to a considerable extent on heat treatment. The implications are discussed.     

Indentation studies of alkali halides at elevated temperatures

The hardness of NaCl and KCl crystals has been estimated from the lengths of dislocation rosette formed around indentation at various temperatures up to 400°C. The hardness decreases with increasing temperature. This is due to the softening of the crystals at elevated temperatures which results in the easy movement of dislocations. The results are discussed using a few available relations which connect hardness to temperature. Arms of indentation dislocation rosette are well defined up to 300°C but around 400°C the rosette pattern is spread over a circular region. A possible mechanism is discussed.     

A dynamical study of the principle of maximum hardness

Temporal evolution of local and global hardness during an ion-atom collision process has been studied within a quantum fluid density functional framework. A dynamical variant of the maximum hardness principle has been found to be operative. Entropy maximises in the encounter regime. Time dependence of density and its laplacian provides important insights into the collision processvis-a-vis the hardness maximisation.     

爆炸压实制取W-Cu纳米复合材料的实验研究

采用机械合金化法制备了W-Cu合金粉末。将制备出的W-Cu合金粉末置于爆炸压制成型的装置中进行爆炸压实,得到了最高致密度达98%的W-Cu合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了W-Cu混合粉末的合金化过程,研究了W-Cu合金粉末的还原温度对压实坯致密度的影响。通过电子探针微量分析仪(EPMA)观察了样品内部的成分与元素分布,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品断口形貌进行了观察,并对样品的维氏硬度和电导率进行了测量。结果表明,W-Cu合金化粉末在爆炸冲击波作用下能够结合成高致密体,复合材料具有高硬度、组织均匀、晶粒细小的特点。