用于土壤水分测量的磁共振射频线圈宽频匹配方法

准确检测土壤水分对于改善农业用水管理至关重要.为了实现土壤水分的准确测量,本文设计了一种微型inside-out核磁共振（NMR）传感器（测量区域位于传感器周围）.其中磁体由三个轴向磁化的圆柱磁体组成,射频线圈由四个相同的弧面螺旋线圈串联组成.通过调整圆柱体之间的半径和高度,获得了一个圆周对称恒定梯度场.并利用宽频带匹配方法,增加射频线圈的激励区域,从而提高整体信噪比.将本文设计的传感器用于测量含水量不同的小颗粒沙土和大颗粒石英砂土壤模型样品的CPMG（Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill）信号,通过逆拉普拉斯变换获得了T₂分布谱,并将T₂谱峰面积与称重法获得的含水量进行了相关性分析,探讨了该传感器用于测量土壤水分的可行性.     

CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF UNSATURATED SOIL BY USE OF THE MIXTURE THEORY (Ⅱ)-LINEAR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FIELD EQUATIONS

The linear constitutive equations and field equations of unsaturated soils were obtained through linearizing the nonlinear equations given in the first part of this work. The linear equations were expressed in the forms similar to Biot’s equations for saturated porous media. The Darcy’s laws of unsaturated soil were proved. It is shown that Biot’s equations of saturated porous media are the simplification of the theory. All these illustrate that constructing constitutive relation of unsaturated soil on the base of mixture theory is rational.     

用ABAQUS软件处理管土相互作用中的接触面问题

采用ABAQUS软件处理管土相互作用中的接触面问题，利用ABAQUS软件中的主控-从属接触算法，使管道和海床形成一个接触对；并且建立了管土系统有限单元模型．海床土体分别采用非线性弹性模型、多孔弹性模型、Ramberg-Osgood塑性模型对管土系统进行计算通过分析计算，得到了管道沉降量与管重间的关系，以及由于管道沉陷而形成的土体楔形，土体楔形的存在，增加了管道的稳定性．计算结果和有关试验结果相符合，说明采用该软件进行管土相互作用问题分析是可行的．     

有限长完整桩中的扭转波

解析地研究了桩顶受到冲击扭矩作用时桩的扭转波及其特征。把桩身当作有限长均匀弹性杆,并考虑桩土相互作用,由Laplace正变换和反变换,分别得到桩土系统扭转振动的传递函数和脉冲响应。进一步得到桩顶扭转振动速度的频响函数、频域和时域表达式。对桩中扭转波和纵波进行对比研究;研究了摩檫桩、自由桩和嵌岩桩中扭转波的特征;由参数研究及推出的理论公式揭示,桩中扭转波的衰减取决于下面三个比值:桩周土剪切波速与桩身扭转波速比、桩长与桩直径比、桩周土密度与桩身密度比。     

竖向均布荷载作用在地基内部时的土中应力公式

建筑物基础一般都是埋入地基中，且有一定深度，而目前土中应力计算所常依据的布西奈斯克解却是假定荷载地表面导出的。本文以半无限体内受竖向力作用的明德林公式为根据，通过积分而首次完整地推导出竖向矩形均布荷载作用在地基内部上的土中应力分量解析表达式，并与布氏公式进行比较，说明其应用范围，以便于工程设计人员在设计时使用。     

江淮膨胀土自由膨胀率特征

自由膨胀率是公路及其他行业膨胀土判别与分类的常用指标,研究自由膨胀率特征对指导膨胀土判别分类具有重要意义。本文依托皖中地区在建的合(肥)—六(安)高速公路,开展了自由膨胀率及其他相关性指标的试验研究,分析了皖中膨胀土的自由膨胀率特征。研究表明:皖中地区膨胀土自由膨胀率与反映膨胀本质的指标蒙脱石含量,以及液限、塑性指数等间接性判别指标具有较好的相关性,可将其用作膨胀土判别与分类的指标;分类实践发现《公路路基设计规范》所推荐的自由膨胀率分级评判标准不能适用于皖中地区膨胀土;根据研究结果给出了具有合理分类特征的分类标准建议。     

岩土弹塑性有限元分析的隐式积分弹性刚度法

本文提出了用于岩土弹塑性有限元分析的隐式积分弹性刚度算法。该算法既具有隐式积分法精度好、效率高、无条件稳定等优点，也具有弹性刚度法中刚度矩阵正定、对称的特点，更重要的是它避免了传统切线刚度法在处理岩土非相关联塑性流动和屈服面“角点”所遇到的非对称性和奇异性计算问题。通过算例分析了该算法的精度、效率     

坡面降雨径流和土壤侵蚀的数值模拟

利用水力学原理建立了坡面降雨径流和土壤侵蚀模型，分别采用特征线法和有限差分法对径流量和土壤侵蚀量进行了求解，并针对具体降雨事件进行了模拟计算，计算结果与试验小区实测值基本一致．本研究表明水土流失随着降雨强度和坡度的增大而加剧，特别是坡度引起的土壤侵蚀     

Advanced mobility in difficult terrain

The development and success of the Swedish Combat Vehicle CV90 has demonstrated the abilities of the author in the field of terramechanics related to tracked military vehicles. The honour of the Bekker–Reece–Radforth Award 2002 has been granted in recognition of these achievements made during the author's employment at Hägglunds Vehicle AB since 1975. Hägglunds Vehicle AB has been a producer of military vehicles since the late 1950s, although the first years concentrated on production only. From the early 1960s, Hägglunds developed a number of its own tracked vehicles, all of which were influenced by the mobility demands dictated by their intended use in severe terrain conditions, such as those found in Northern Scandinavia. This paper presents a brief history of the advancement of tracked vehicle technology at Hägglunds Vehicle AB. The concepts discussed include: ground pressure, the number of road-wheels, articulated steering, track tension, track attack angle, sinkage, belly effects, and the use of terramechanic simulation. The success of the CV90 demonstrates that the combination of practical experience, terrain knowledge, and terramechanic simulations can effect substantial improvements in vehicle mobility. Evaluation of the CV90 versus other modern combat vehicles of the same class has shown that the CV90 possesses considerably higher mobility and speed under severe terrain conditions. These two attributes provide CV90 with the ability to access terrain that similar vehicles cannot, thus giving the military user greater mobility options.     

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on carbon nanotubes for the determination of polyether antibiotic and s‐triazine drug residues in animal food with LC–MS/MS

Carbon nanotubes‐magnetic nanoparticles, comprising ferroferric oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, were prepared through a simple one‐step synthesis method and subsequently applied to magnetic solid‐phase extraction for the determination of polyether antibiotic and s‐triazine drug residues in animal food coupled with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The components within the nanocomposites endowed the material with high extraction performance and manipulative convenience. Compared with carbon nanotubes, the as‐prepared carbon nanotubes‐magnetic nanoparticles showed better extraction and separation efficiencies for polyether antibiotics and s‐triazine drugs thanks to the contribution of the iron‐containing magnetic nanoparticles. Various experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency had been investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the good linearity ranging from 1 to 200 μg/kg for diclazuril, toltrazuril, toltrazuril sulfone, lasalocid, monensin, salinomycin, narasin, nanchangmycin, and maduramicin, low limits of detection ranging from 1 to 5 μg/kg, and satisfactory spiked recoveries (77.1–91.2%, with the inter relative standard deviation values from 4.0 to 12.2%) were shown. It was confirmed that this novel method was an efficient pretreatment and enrichment procedure and could be successfully applied for extraction and determination of polyether and s‐triazine drug residues in complex matrices.