Titania membrane preparation with chemical stability for very hash environments applications

The high-quality tubular titania MF membranes are successfully prepared by dip-coating techniques and systematically investigated with regard to their corrosive resistances. The experiments show that dispersants PAA and anatase powder were preferably employed to prepare desired suspensions with solid loading 10–15 wt.% and that suspensions properties significantly affect the final membranes quality. The titania MF membranes with pure water permeability 742.42 l m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and 0.1 μm pore diameter have been obtained using the prepared suspensions. The corrosion resistance of titania membranes exhibits that the anatase layers are more stable than the alumina supports in boiling corrosive medium and that the poor quality titania MF membranes become more deteriorated due to its top layer pore blockages and fouling layer formation, which provides a wide range of practical application fields in very hash environments with reliable data supports.     

Electroanalytical sensors for nonconducting media based on electrodes supported on perfluorinated ion-exchange membranes

Electroanalytical sensors, suitable for the analysis and monitoring of electroactive analytes present in gaseous phase or low-conductive liquid media, and based on electrodes in close contact with perfluorinated ion-exchange polymers are reviewed. The basic operative mechanism of these sensors, in which ion-exchange polymers act as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE's), is thoroughly discussed, while stressing the fundamental reasons why their behavior differs from that of conventional membrane electrodes. The procedures for preparing composite working electrodes by coating one side of ion-exchange membranes with stable porous films of conductive materials are described, along with the most common strategies followed to assemble this type of sensors. Useful examples of measurements in electrolyte-free media of inorganic and organic electroactive species of interest mainly for environmental analysis are given. Future prospects for the development of these sensors are also discussed.     

TG and DSC studies of filled porous copolymers

A complex approach including thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry was applied to study characteristics of non-filled and filled porous copolymers of divinylbenzene with styrene or some acrylic monomers: di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalene, methacrylic ester of p,p’-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglycidyl ether, and dimethacrylglycolethylene. High disperse silicas with the grafted methyl and silicon hydride groups in the surface layer were used as fillers. The kinetic parameters of thermal degradation for composites obtained were determined by different methods.     

Indium Mediated Conjugate Addition of Allyl Bromide to Nitroalkenes in DMF—H2O Media

Allylindium bromide prepared by metallic indium and allyl bromide was added to nitroalkenes to give conjugate addition compounds in moderate to good yields in an aqueous media.     

离子液体中电沉积制备钴纳米线阵列

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) was used as a template to prepare Co nanowires array from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid by direct current method. The surface morphology of porous anodic alumina template was observed by field emission-scanning tunneling microscopy (FE-SEM) before and after the electrodeposition of Co nanowires. The electrodeposition of Co nanowires was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). TEM results indicate that the Co nanowire surface is coarse and porous when aqueous solution was used as electrolyte， and the Co nanowire deposited from the ionic liquid is uniform and smooth. XRD results show that the electrodeposition of Co is a mixture of crystal and microcrystal phase.     

氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片构筑高性能超级电容器

首先采用溶液法在碳布上生长Co-MOF二维纳米片,通过高温退火和刻蚀后得到MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片。以Co-MOF衍生的多孔碳纳米片/碳布(CNS/CC)作为碳基骨架,采用电化学沉积法负载高活性氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(N-GQDs),制备得到分级多孔结构的N-GQD/CNS/CC复合材料。组装成自支撑且无粘结剂的N-GQD/CNS/CC电极,当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容高达423 F·g~(-1)。通过储能机制和电容贡献机制的研究表明,在碳纤维上原位生长的具有高双电层电容的CNS和表面负载具有高赝电容的N-GQDs之间相互协同作用,使得N-GQD/CNS/CC电极具有高电容性能,是一种理想的超级电容器电极材料。电极材料的高导电、分级多孔结构有利于电子的传输和电解质离子的扩散,具有良好的动力学性能,能快速充放电和具有优异的倍率特性。将电极组装成对称型超级电容器,功率密度为250 W·kg~(-1)时对应的能量密度达到7.9 Wh·kg~(-1),且经过10 000次循环后电容保持率为91.2%,说明氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片复合材料是一种电化学性能稳定的具有高电容性能的全碳电极材料。     

Chemical Modification of Silica Gels

Highly porous pure and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-doped silica gels have been prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol using NH₄OH base-catalysis. Addition of PEG to the SiO₂-system increases the average particle size and most frequent pore diameter of the resultant gels while their total surface area decreases. The viscosity of the sol increases with PEG concentration and passes through a maximum with increasing molecular weight at PEG 200. Results obtained indicate a definite interaction of the polymer with SiO₂ and that this interaction is not as a result of direct formation of Si– O– C linkage, but is more likely to be due to hydrogen bonding between the hydrated PEG and the Si– O– Si network. Structure-process correlations are considered.     

A Clean Synthesis of 1,4‐Diarylquinoline Derivatives Catalyzed by TEBAC in Aqueous Media

A series of 1,4‐diarylquinoline derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of arylmethylidenemalononitriles or 2‐cyano‐3‐aryl‐1‐acrylate and 3‐arylamino‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enone in aqueous media at 100 °C catalyzed by TEBAC. Meanwhile, the water medium was chosen as green solvent.     

Preparation and Characteristics of Porous Silica Films by a Modified Base-Catalyzed Sol-Gel Process Containing PVA: II. Film Preparation

Porous SiO₂ films were successfully deposited on silicon substrates by a modified base-catalyzed Sol-Gel process (MBCP) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The process conditions, such as the gelation time, the synthesis temperature, the stabilizing agent of the precursor solution and the spin coating speed, the heat-treatment, the annealing temperature of the film on the microstructure and porosity of porous SiO₂ films were systematically investigated by SEM, XRD and ellipsometry techniques. This study provides a novel preparation technique for the porous SiO₂ film. Using this process, the resultant film can reach a thickness of 3.6 m for one layer, a porosity of 25–50%, a low thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/m·K. This film will be used as a low dielectric layer, an thermal-insulating layer and a low refractive index layer.     

An Efficient and Practical Process for Pd/Cu Cocatalyzed Homocoupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes Using Sodium Percarbonate as a Dual Reagent in Aqueous Media

A new process for the Pd/Cu co-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes was developed. The reaction was carried out in aqueous media with sodium percarbonate as both a clean oxidant and a base. Meanwhile, a palladium complex immobilized on a synthetic PS-PEG400-PPh2 resin was used as the catalyst, which may be recovered by simple filtration and reused for several times with high activity.