Sn/Ge(1 1 1) α-phase: characterization of image resonances by specular electron reflection and selective electron scattering

Image potential resonances on the Sn/Ge(1 1 1) α-phase are investigated by two closely related methods: specular electron reflection and so-called selective electron scattering. Electrons from image resonances are detected on this surface at 120 and 300 K, i.e. below and above the phase transition at about 200 K. The dispersion of the image resonances reveals at these two temperatures equivalent effective electron masses, which are characteristic for this type of electronic surface states. The results of the two methods are consistent according to the similarity of the scattering processes. Changes in the loss peak intensity with the annealing temperature are assigned to the surface quality and are reflected by characteristic photoemission intensities.     

Behavior of zirconium in the ZrOW(100) system at high temperature, studied by ISS, AES and work-function measurements

The behavior of zirconium atoms at the W(100) surface associated with oxygen adsorption at different sample temperatures has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and the relative change of the work function (Δф) measured by the onset of the secondary electron energy distribution. The results have revealed: (i) adsorption of zirconium onto the W(100) surface followed by the elevation of the sample temperature up to 1710 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 2.7 × 10⁻⁴ induces complete diffusion of zirconium atoms into the W(100) substrate; (ii) further exposure of oxygen induces co-existence of oxygen and tungsten on the surface at 1710 K, resulting in a work function of 4.37 eV; (iii) keeping the sample temperature at 1710 K, simple evacuation of the system has resulted in surface segregation of zirconium atoms to the surface to form a zirconium atomic layer on the top-most surface, reducing the work function to 2.7 eV. The results have revealed that this specific behavior of zirconium atoms at high temperature assures, with very good reproducibility, the highly stable performance and long service life of Zr---O/W(100)-emitters in practical use, even in a low vacuum of 10⁻⁶ Pa.     

Canonical measures on the moduli spaces of compact Riemann surfaces

We study some explicit relations between the canonical line bundle and the Hodge bundle over moduli spaces for low genus. This leads to a natural measure on the moduli space of every genus which is related to the Siegel symplectic metric on Siegel upper half-space as well as to the Hodge metric on the Hodge bundle.     

Cluster and periodic DFT calculations of adsorption and activation of CO2 on the Cu(hkl) surfaces

The adsorption behavior and thermal activation of carbon dioxide on the Cu(1 1 1), Cu(1 0 0), and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations and cluster models and periodic slabs. According to the cluster models, the optimized results indicate that the basis set of C and O atoms has a distinct effect on the adsorption energy, but an indistinct one on the equilibrium geometry. For the CO₂/Cu(hkl) adsorption systems studied here, the final structure of adsorbed CO₂ is near linear and the preferred modes for the adsorption of CO₂ onto the Cu(1 1 1), Cu(1 0 0), and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces are the side-on adsorption at the cross bridge site with an adsorption energy of 13.06 kJ/mol, the side-on adsorption at the short bridge site (13.54 kJ/mol), and the end-on adsorption on the on-top site with C–O bonds located along the short bridge site (26.01 kJ/mol), respectively. However, the calculated adsorption energies from periodic slabs are lower as compared to the experimental data as well as the cluster model data, indicating that the periodic slab approach of generalized gradient approximation in the density function theory may be not suitable to obtain quantitative information on the interaction of CO₂ with Cu(hkl) surfaces.     

Algebraic cycles and topology of real Enriques surfaces

For a real Enriques surface Y we prove that every homology class in H₁(Y (R), Z/2) can be represented by a real algebraic curve if and only if all connected components of Y(R) are orientable. Furthermore, we give a characterization of real Enriques surfaces which are Galois-Maximal and/or Z-Galois-Maximal and we determine the Brauer group of any real Enriques surface Y.     

Density functional theory investigation of CN on Cu(1 1 1), Ni(1 1 1) and Ni(1 0 0)

The adsorption of CN on Cu(1 1 1), Ni(1 1 1) and Ni(1 0 0) has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). While experimental studies of CN on Cu(1 1 1) show the molecular axis to be essentially parallel to the surface, the normally-preferred DFT approach using the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) yields a lowest energy configuration with the C-N axis perpendicular to the surface, although calculations using the local density approximation (LDA) do indicate that the experimental geometry is energetically favoured. The same conclusions are found for CN on Ni(1 1 1); on both surfaces bonding through the N atom is always unfavourable, in contrast to some earlier published results of ab initio calculations for Ni(1 1 1)/CN and Ni(1 0 0)/CN. The different predictions of the GGA and LDA approaches may lie in subtly different relative energies of the CN 5σ and 1π orbitals, a situation somewhat similar to that for CO adsorbed on Pt(1 1 1) which has proved challenging for DFT calculations. On Ni(1 0 0) GGA calculations favour a lying-down species in a hollow site in a geometry rather similar to that found experimentally and in GGA calculations for CN on Ni(1 1 0).     

Generalized double affine Hecke algebras of rank 1 and quantized del Pezzo surfaces

Let D be a simply laced Dynkin diagram of rank r whose affinization has the shape of a star (i.e., D₄,E₆,E₇,E₈). To such a diagram one can attach a group G whose generators correspond to the legs of the affinization, have orders equal to the leg lengths plus 1, and the product of the generators is 1. The group G is then a 2-dimensional crystallographic group: G=Z??Z², where ? is 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. In this paper, we define a flat deformation H(t,q) of the group algebra C[G] of this group, by replacing the relations saying that the generators have prescribed orders by their deformations, saying that the generators satisfy monic polynomial equations of these orders with arbitrary roots (which are deformation parameters). The algebra H(t,q) for D₄ is the Cherednik algebra of type C^∨C₁, which was studied by Noumi, Sahi, and Stokman, and controls Askey-Wilson polynomials. We prove that H(t,q) is the universal deformation of the twisted group algebra of G, and that this deformation is compatible with certain filtrations on C[G]. We also show that if q is a root of unity, then for generic t the algebra H(t,q) is an Azumaya algebra, and its center is the function algebra on an affine del Pezzo surface. For generic q, the spherical subalgebra eH(t,q)e provides a quantization of such surfaces. We also discuss connections of H(t,q) with preprojective algebras and Painlevé VI.     

Grafting of silica during the processing of silica‐filled SBR: Comparison between length and content of the silane

The treatment of nanoscopic silica grafted in the blend during the processing of silica‐filled styrene butadiene rubber was performed with silane, introduced at different concentrations, or at a constant concentration with a given length of alkyl chain. From swelling measurements in water and in solvent, the maximum silane content that can be grafted has been calculated as a function of the length of the silane alkyl chains as well as their efficiency to cover the silica surface. The found values are close to the values found in the literature for grafting in solution. Moreover, a direct correspondence between the length of the silane alkyl chains and their concentration has been deduced. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 143–152, 2006     

A model of adsorption at liquid-solid interface involving association in the bulk phase

A model of monolayer adsorption of binary liquid mixtures on homogeneous and heterogeneous solid surfaces involving association of one component in the bulk phase is discussed. Suitable model calculations, illustrating association and heterogeneity effects, have been performed according to an equation derived for adsorption excess. This equation has been examined by using the experimental data of adsorption of alcohols from benzene andn-heptane on silica gel.

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Adsorptionsmodell für die Grenzfläche Feststoff-Flüssigkeit unter Berücksichtigung der Assoziation in der Flüssigkeitsphase

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Adsorptionsmodell binärer, flüssiger Mischungen an homogenen und heterogenen Oberflächen von Feststoffen unter Beachtung der Assoziation eines der Bestandteile in der Flüssigkeitsphase diskutiert. Mit der aus dem Oberflächenüberschuß abgeleiteten Gleichung wurden entsprechende Modellberechnungen durchgeführt, die die mit Assoziation und Heterogenität verbundenen Effekte illustrieren. Die Gleichung wurde für die experimentellen Daten der Alkoholadsorption aus Benzol undn-Heptan an Kieselgel überprüft.

     

Synthesis of a novel methacrylic monomer iniferter and its application in surface photografting on crosslinked polymer substrates

(Methacryloyl ethylenedioxycarbonyl) benzyl N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate (HEMA‐E‐In) was synthesized and used as a monomer iniferter to develop a novel, photopatternable grafting technology. This molecule functions as both a methacrylic monomer and a photoiniferter (photoinitiator–transfer agent–terminator). The structure of HEMA‐E‐In was characterized by ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies. In the presence of the monomer iniferter, methyl methacrylate was polymerized by exposure to 365‐nm ultraviolet radiation, confirming the initiation capability of HEMA‐E‐In. After the copolymerization of HEMA‐E‐In into a methacrylate‐based polymer, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the photoiniferter functionality was present at the surface of this polymeric substrate. Photografting of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate monomer from the surface caused a significant change in the hydrophobicity of the surface as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. The novel monomer photoiniferter HEMA‐E‐In initiates the polymerization of bulk monomer and provides a reactive functionality that facilitates further initiation and polymer modification by the polymerization of different monomers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1885–1891, 2002