A reduced form of the spin-spin centrifugal distortion Hamiltonian for orthorhombic asymmetric top molecules

The spin-spin centrifugal distortion Hamiltonian for an asymmetric top molecule in a given vibrational level of an open-shell electronic state with S ? 1 may contain more parameters than can be determined from the observed energy levels. This paper describes the reduction of the Hamiltonian by means of a unitary transformation to a form suitable for fitting to observed energies. It is established that there are six determinable spin-spin centrifugal distortion parameters for a molecule of orthorhombic symmetry; the corresponding matrix elements are derived for both Hund’s case (a) and case (b) coupling schemes.     

Application of centrifugal precipitation chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography equipped with a spiral tubing support rotor for the isolation and partial characterization of carotenoid cleavage-like enzymes in Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees

Centrifugal precipitation chromatography and a high-speed counter-current chromatography system equipped with a spiral tubing support rotor (spHSCCC) were successfully applied for the identification and isolation of carotenoid cleavage-like enzymes from Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees. This is the first study separating active enzymes from a complex natural matrix by spHSCCC. The target enzymes were identified after fractionation of the proteins in an acetone Tris-buffer gradient by centrifugal precipitation chromatography. Also, an aqueous two-phase solvent system consisting of PEG 1000 and mono- and dibasic potassium phosphate was used for the isolation of the enzymes by spHSCCC. The purified fractions contained two proteins of 65 and 72 kDa, respectively. The enzymes could cleave β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal to produce β-ionone.     

Study of direct force measurement and characteristics on blades of Savonius rotor at static state

Experiments were conducted to measure and to clarify quantitative variations of fluid force on three kinds of setting blade configuration on a Savonius rotor at the static state in the steady uniform flow. In the experiments, by splitting both the end-disks of the blades into two half parts, the two blades were independent on each other and the one blade attached to both the half end-disks was only connected to the axis rod of the rotor, and the other blade connecting to the other half end-disks was free from the axis rod. Hence, the drag and lift forces acting on the former blade were directly measured in a short time at every phase angle and every overlap ratio of the two blades using the force balance meter. The experiment for the rotor of the diameter 160 mm and the height 160 mm was conducted in the steady wind flow of the Reynolds number, about 0.64 × 10⁵ which based on the rotor diameter and the upstream velocity. From the experiment, value of the drag coefficient of the one blade in two blades with the overlap ratio of zero was taken from about −0.3 to 1.6, and the lift coefficient of it from about −1.0 to 1.4 in a cycle. The minus value of drag only appears in the setting of one blade in two blades, however the minus value does not exist in the distribution of tangential force on every overlap. And it was shown that the force distributions on the one blade in a cycle were very different in the first and second half cycle and interfered by the other blade, and strongly dependent on the overlap ratio between the blades.     

叶顶单一气膜孔位置传热特性的数值研究

本文采用数值模拟的方法对凹槽叶顶前缘气膜孔的位置进行了研究,通过改变前缘第一气膜孔位置来分析叶顶区传热。数值模拟结果表明,由于冷却气对该区域没有提供足够的保护,肩壁表面的平均绝热效率远低于凹槽底面,平均传热系数远高于凹槽底面。叶顶第一气膜孔向前缘移动使肩壁表面的平均传热系数先升高再降低,叶顶前缘低绝热冷却效率区逐渐消失...     

基于近似模型的透平机械多目标优化

本文研究了采用多目标优化算法NSGA—II与前馈神经网络的耦合优化方法的收敛性问题。提出了一种改进的拥挤距离和coarse-to-fine的迭代策略,有效地解决了原耦合方法不收敛的问题。在此基础上,提出了基于数值模拟和耦合优化方法的多目标气动设计框架,并对转子37进行了三目标优化。优化结果表明,多目标优化结果的气动性能...     

某跨音转子设计中叶型中线分布特征研究

本文通过调整叶型中线分布设计了几种不同的跨音转子,并采用数值模拟的方法研究了其对跨音转子流场性能的影响。研究结果表明,高来流马赫数下跨音转子流场对叶型中线分布比较敏感,中线分布应尽可能保证负荷的平稳加载和预期的气流折转;跨音转子叶根区域仅在前缘附近存在局部超音区,较大的叶型折转对流场影响不大;其叶尖区域主要依靠激波增压...     

基于风力机叶片铺层的频率优化设计

从叶片的铺层角度出发,编程建立了一种风力机叶片的约束优化设计模型。采用风力机叶片主梁帽的铺层厚度及位置为优化设计变量,在保证气动外形不变,满足各种约束的情况下,以获得最大一阶挥舞频率为设计目标,使用改进粒子群算法进行搜索约束优化解。结果表明:合理地设计主梁帽的铺层厚度和位置能得到更好的结果,验证了模型的有效性。优化结果对工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于碰撞能量模型的非线性碰摩评估研究

提出了一种用于评估非线性碰摩的碰撞能量模型(IEM),根据模型特性可得出IEM指标η用于评估碰摩故障的严重程度或发生概率. 通过对在不同阻尼比ζ状态下IEM指标η随转速比Ω的响应变化趋势研究,给出了η随ζ和Ω的响应联合分布. 结合IEM模型特性提出了"敏感区域"的概念. 此区域概念的提出,不仅对于转子设备的操作运行具有较大的参考价值,对于转子系统的设计更有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 碰撞能量模型 碰摩 转子系统 故障诊断     

进口预旋对离心叶轮气动性能影响机理的研究

将理论推导和数值模拟相结合,对典型离心压缩机Eckardt叶轮流场进行分析,探讨了不同进气预旋对叶轮气动性能的影响;从叶片进口攻角、叶尖相对马赫数和流向压力变化的角度,阐述了预旋对内部流动以及气动性能的影响机理。结果表明:预旋角对进口攻角和叶尖相对马赫数同时产生显著影响,正预旋会降低进口来流的攻角及相对马赫数,使叶片前缘载荷降低、叶轮效率及稳定性提升;负预旋会提升叶轮的做功能力,使总压比上升;正预旋由于降低了叶片前部做功能力,使低压流体堆积到叶片中后部,导致总压比下降;叶轮最高效率受叶尖相对马赫数与进口攻角共同影响,若提升效率必须合理协调预旋对二者的影响。     

The Development of Rotors Having Separate Sample and Reagent Transfer Channels for Use with Centrifugal Fast Analyzers

Abstract

Two new rotors have been designed and developed for use with Centrifugal Fast Analyzers. These rotors incorporate separate sample and reagent chambers and transfer channels, which prevent premature mixing of the aliquots of sample and reagent and also provide for their simultaneous and rapid transfer and mixing when the rotor is accelerated.