高速破片撞击充液容器时容器壁面的损伤

为研究高速破片(钨球)撞击充液容器(贯穿前后壁面)时容器壁面的毁伤情况,利用ANSYS/LSDYNA对该过程进行了数值模拟,分析了破片撞击动能对充液容器前后壁面毁伤程度的影响,并进行实验验证。结果表明:高速破片撞击充液容器形成的液压水锤对充液容器前后壁面的破坏程度可分为3个等级,即前后壁面均未出现裂纹、前壁面没有出现裂纹后壁面出现裂纹和前后壁面均出现裂纹且后壁面呈花瓣式开裂;破片撞击充液容器过程中,前后壁面的最大变形量和前后壁面的裂纹总数随破片撞击动能的增加而增大。     

ICE自由面台阶靶数据处理的直接计算方法

斜波压缩台阶靶实验中,不同厚度界面粒子速度历史与材料压缩特性参数存在联系。然而利用普遍采用的数据处理方法无法直接获得该联系。本文中借助特征线理论在建立上述关联的基础上,实现未知EOS下斜波压缩流场的直接计算过程。经数值计算表明,该方法不仅在无强度效应数据处理中能够准确计算理论值,而且在含有强度效应数据处理中也能够较好地逼近理论值,并可在真实实验数据处理中获得与文献符合较好的结果。该研究可为探索具有较完整理论的强度效应数据处理方法提供新途径。     

混凝土骨料对高速侵彻弹体质量侵蚀的影响分析

高速侵彻时,弹靶之间发生强烈的局部作用,引起弹体头部发生质量侵蚀,从而影响弹体的侵彻性能。在弹体侵彻过程中,混凝土中的骨料对弹体的质量侵蚀有显著影响。本文通过对高速侵彻混凝土弹体的质量侵蚀实验数据进行分析,进一步分析讨论了混凝土骨料对弹体质量侵蚀的影响。将混凝土靶体视为骨料和砂浆基质混合的二相复合材料,引入混凝土骨料的体积分数χ和骨料的剪切强度τ1代替骨料的莫氏硬度H,给出无量纲骨料修正因子β,建立了修正的弹体质量损失工程模型。模型预测结果与现有的实验数据符合得很好,更准确地表征了混凝土骨料对弹体质量损失的影响。     

Limiting speed for jumping

General mechanical considerations provide an upper bound for the take-off velocity of any jumper, animate or inanimate, rigid or soft body, animal or vegetal. The take-off velocity is driven by the ratio of released energy to body mass. Further, the mean reaction force on a rigid platform during push-off is inversely proportional to the characteristic size of the jumper. These general considerations are illustrated in the context of Alexander's jumper model, which can be solved exactly and which shows an excellent agreement with the mechanical results.     

高速电梯气动特性研究与风口设计

高速电梯运行时,井道内气压的快速变化会对轿厢运行的稳定性及安全性产生极大影响．为解决上述问题,提出了三种在井道壁面上开风口的设计方案,运用计算流体力学分析软件FLUENT对电梯运行过程中的空气流动状态进行数值仿真,同时改变风口形状以及数量,对井道内风速变化、轿厢所受气动阻力及气动力矩进行分析．分析结果表明,在提出的三种开风口方案中,上下圆形风口为最优,与未开风口时相比,轿厢气动阻力减小22.05 %,侧翻力矩减小29.87 %,俯仰力矩减小18.02 %．最后进行试验验证,表明了开风口方案的有效性,研究结果可为井道风口的设计提供理论依据．     

多喷口高效能厚翼的研究

提出了以下高效能翼型的思想：用多喷口小速度切向吹气控制厚翼上的流动分离,使流动接近于理想流状况,以产生大升力,小阻力;因多喷口小速度吹气耗能小,故翼型的有效升阻比可以很大．基于雷诺平均N－S方程进行了数值模拟实验．主要结果表明：对于厚度为0.4的儒氏翼型,在升力系数高达3．5时,有效升阻比可达约50（单喷口吹气约为23）;对于厚度为0．4的"升力体"翼型,在升力系数达2．2时,有效升阻比可达40（喷口吹气约为10）．     

A conservative integral independent of the constitutive relation

J-integral defined by Rice depends on the constitutive relation of mediums. In the present paper, a conservative integral independent of the constitutive relation of mediums is defined in order to extend Rice’s definition of the J-integral which depends on the constitutive relation. Its main properties which are similar to those of the prevailing J-integral are proved. In the case of the elastic mediums, the extensive conservative integral is the same with Rice’s J-integral.     

MnFeNi-Based Composite as a Case Study of a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst under Dynamically Changing Electrode Potentials

High-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential components in energy conversion and storage technologies. Yet, their poor reversibility hinders their applicability. A highly active ORR/OER catalyst, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-supported MnFeNiOx nanoparticles, was subjected to sequences of chronoamperometric steps alternating between the ORR, the OER and highly cathodic potentials (E_c). Rotating ring disk electrode methods revealed that applying E_c leads to a small increase in the current and peroxide species yield during the ORR while enhancing substantially the OER. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed irreversible changes in the chemical state of MnFeNiOx correlating with its catalytic properties. The complexity of changes that a composite catalyst may undergo under varying potentials, the importance of monitoring product formation, and the convenience of using dynamic electrochemical sequences for the assessment of catalyst reversibility, as well as for the activation and/or restoration of their catalytic properties, are highlighted.     

Simulation of particle settling in rotating and non-rotating flows of non-Newtonian fluids

Finite element solutions are presented for the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids around a sphere falling along the centreline of a cylindrical tube. Both rotating and stationary tube scenarios are considered. Calculations are reported for three different inelastic constitutive models that manifest shear-thinning, extension-thickening and their combination. The influence of inertia and these various forms of viscous response are examined for their influence upon the drag on the settling particle and the structure of the flow. Simulations are performed by employing a semi-implicit time marching Taylor–Galerkin/pressure-correction finite element algorithm, a fractional-staged scheme of second-order-accuracy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速干铣削钛合金时涂层硬质合金刀具磨损机理研究

采用CVD涂层硬质合金可转位立铣刀对钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)进行了高速干铣削试验,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察刀具的磨损形貌,通过能谱分析(EDS)分析失效刀具表面的元素分布,并对刀具的主要磨损机理进行了分析.研究结果表明:使用涂层硬质合金刀具高速干铣削Ti-6Al-4V时,刀具的失效机理主要为磨粒磨损、粘结磨损、氧化磨损、扩散磨损和热-机械疲劳磨损的综合作用.刀具刚参与切削时,刀具后刀面会产生粘结和由于摩擦引起的擦伤,粘结层在断续冲击作用下的脱落过程还会造成后刀面涂层的剥落;随着刀具进一步的磨损,涂层剥落、粘结磨损及磨粒磨损伴随整个刀具失效过程,且还会出现氧化磨损、扩散磨损和疲劳裂纹等.切削速度越高,新产生的钛合金切屑就越容易燃烧,使刀具粘结、氧化和扩散以及热-机械疲劳等磨损加剧.