液气相变界面间断关系浅议

对池沸腾传热现象局部传递过程的细致分析(例如微重力池沸腾传热研究文献中关于热毛细效应作用及其成因的各种相互冲突的观点),涉及汽液相变界面两侧的间断关系.相变(蒸发或凝结)过程的非平衡性导致相界面两侧物理量对经典平衡态热力学中的相界面关系的偏离,分子动理论比拟模型、统计率模型和非平衡热力学模型均给出了相关描述,本文对此进行了详细评述,指出了各模型的优缺点,并对进一步的研究方向进行了讨论.     

制冷剂CO_2两相流动及沸腾传热特点分析

为了能够设计出高效的 CO2 蒸发器,有必要对 CO2 两相流动和沸腾传热特点进行研究.通过理论模拟计算发现,CO2 出现液滴夹带时的临界气相速度远小于传统制冷工质,CO2 的液体夹带率比传统制冷剂高,这说明了环状流是CO2 两相流动的主要型式.CO2 的核态沸腾抑制干度值比较大,大约为传统制冷剂的 1.5 倍左右,表明 CO2 的流动沸腾传热机理主要是核态沸腾占主导地位.CO2 出现干涸时的干度比较低,说明发生干涸现象比传统制冷剂较早.     

滞止区内过冷液体喷流沸腾的临界热流密度

本文对高温平板滞止区内三种过冷液体的圆形喷流冲击沸腾的临界热流密度进行了系统的稳态实验研究。考察了过冷度、流速、喷流直径等流动条件对喷流沸腾临界热流密度的影响。建立了预示液体临界热流密度的半经验型方程。     

环形狭缝中过冷沸腾空泡率的研究

以环形狭缝通道中流动沸腾传热的实验数据为初始条件,运用四阶龙格-库塔法对过冷沸腾空泡率的机理模型进行了数值求解,并对计算结果进行了分析。     

饱和液氮爆发沸腾实验与传热机理分析

瞬态高热流加热下饱和液氮会发生爆发沸腾,而对于该过程的特殊传热机理因素,目前还没有相关的深入研究和分析。本文基于实验,在总结沸腾传热机理研究成果的基础上,重点分析了饱和液氮爆发沸腾过程中以汽泡群形态实现热量传递的特殊之处,并进行了理论模拟验证。结果表明,汽泡群内部众多汽泡所发生的破裂收缩行为,会释放潜热并形成热流,成为爆发沸腾独特的传热机理影响因素。     

A numerical investigation of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effects on bubble deformation under pseudo-nucleate boiling conditions

In this article, the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effects on nucleate boiling are studied by developing a numerical modelling of EHD effect on bubble deformation in pseudo-nucleate boiling conditions. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed to track the interface between the gas–liquid two phases; the user-defined code is written and added to the commercial software FLUENT to solve the electric field and the corresponding electric body force. On this basis, the model is applied to study the EHD effects on heat transfer and fluid flows. An initial air bubble surrounded by liquid CCl₄ and attached to a horizontal superheated wall under the action of electric field is studied. The results of the EHD effect on bubble shape evolution are compared with those of available experiments showing good agreement. The mechanism of EHD enhancement of heat transfer and the EHD induced phenomena including bubble elongation and detachment are analyzed in detail.     

Enhancement of the critical heat flux in saturated pool boiling using honeycomb porous media

Enhancement of the critical heat flux in pool boiling by the attachment of a honeycomb-structured porous plate on a heated surface is investigated experimentally using water under saturated boiling conditions. As the height of the honeycomb porous plate on the heated surface decreases, the CHF increases to 2.5 MW/m², which is approximately 2.5 times that of a plain surface (1.0 MW/m²). Automatic liquid supply due to capillary action and reduction of the flow resistance for vapor escape due to the separation of liquid and vapor flow paths by the honeycomb-structure are verified to play an important role in the enhancement of the CHF. A simplified one-dimensional model for the capillary suction limit, in which the pressure drops due to liquid and vapor flow in the honeycomb porous plate balances the capillary force, is applied to predict the CHF. The calculated results are compared with the measured results.     

On the quenching of steel and zircaloy spheres in water-based nanofluids with alumina,silica and diamond nanoparticles

The quenching curves (temperature vs time) for small (∼1 cm) metallic spheres exposed to pure water and water-based nanofluids with alumina, silica and diamond nanoparticles at low concentrations (?0.1 vol%) were acquired experimentally. Both saturated (ΔT_sub = 0 °C) and highly subcooled (ΔT_sub = 70 °C) conditions were explored. The spheres were made of stainless steel and zircaloy, and were quenched from an initial temperature of ∼1000 °C. The results show that the quenching behavior in nanofluids is nearly identical to that in pure water. However, it was found that some nanoparticles accumulate on the sphere surface, which results in destabilization of the vapor film in subsequent tests with the same sphere, thus greatly accelerating the quenching process. The entire boiling curves were obtained from the quenching curves using the inverse heat transfer method, and revealed that alumina and silica nanoparticle deposition on the surface increases the critical heat flux and minimum heat flux temperature, while diamond nanoparticle deposition has a minimal effect on the boiling curve. The possible mechanisms by which the nanoparticles affect the quenching process were analyzed. It appears that surface roughness increase and wettability enhancement due to nanoparticle deposition may be responsible for the premature disruption of film boiling and the acceleration of quenching. The basic results were also confirmed by quench tests with rodlets.     

表面活性剂对池沸腾换热的影响

本文以SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)为表面活性剂,研究了在不同过冷度下SDS浓度对池沸腾换热的影响.结果表明在低SDS浓度下,沸腾换热在一定热流密度范围内得到显著强化.在不同过冷度下.均存在相应的最佳SDS浓度值,最大换热系数可达纯水的2～4倍.在饱和沸腾状态下,临界热流密度(CHF)随SDS浓度的增加而减小,沸腾曲线呈现三类分歧,且存在"S"型沸腾曲线及较明显的沸腾滞后现象.     

Effects of flash boiling injection on in-cylinder spray,mixing and combustion of a spark-ignition direct-injection engine

Higher engine efficiency and ever stringent pollutant emission regulations are considered as the most important challenges for today's automotive industry. Fast evaporation and combustion technique has caused unprecedented attention due to its potential to solve both of the above challenges. Flash boiling, which features a two-phase flow that constantly generates vapor bubbles inside the liquid spray is ideal to achieve fast evaporation and combustion inside direct-injection (DI) gasoline engines. In this study, three spray conditions, including liquid, transitional flash boiling and flare flash boiling spray were studied for comparison under cold start condition in a spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) optical gasoline engine. Optical access into the combustion chamber includes a quartz linear and a quartz insert on the piston. In separate experiments, we recorded the crank angle resolved spray morphology using laser scattering technique, and distribution of fuel before ignition employing laser induced fluorescence technology, as well as time-resolved color images of flame with high-speed camera. The spray morphology during the intake stroke shows stronger plume-plume and plume-air interaction under flash boiling condition, as well as smaller penetration. Then around the end of compression (before ignition), the fuel distribution is also shown to be more homogeneous with less cyclic variation under flash boiling. Finally, from the color images of the flame, it was found that with the increase of superheat degree, the diffusion rate of blue flame (generated by excited molecules) is higher, which is considered to be related with the larger fractal dimension of the flame front. Also, the combustion is more complete with less yellow flame under flash boiling.