多水平成层的非均匀介质圆弧形峡谷地下多点地震动模拟

开发了考虑圆弧场地水平多分层效应的地下多点地震动模拟可视化程序,验证其可靠性。首先,描述了给出的圆弧场地多分层效应的SH波动散射频域解,其本质是突破了传统均匀介质和分层不穿越峡谷前提的局限性;其次,利用从水平地表到峡谷表面再到地下土层的传递函数,通过两次传递得到了圆弧峡谷地下的目标功率谱和反应谱;进而,具体描述所导出的圆弧场地平-凹相关性的相干函数及其推导过程;最后,基于上述理论,开发了多层状的非均匀圆弧场地的多点地震动模拟程序,给出了模拟结果与目标功率谱、反应谱和相干函数的拟合对比,验证了该理论和程序的合理性和可靠性,便于所发展理论和方法的实用化和推广。     

多层地基上轴对称受荷刚性圆板问题

利用刚性圆板表面各点位移相等,并结合刚性圆板与地基表面的位移相容条件与光滑接触条件,经由Hankel变换,推导出了刚性圆板与分层地基表面接触应力的对偶积分方程;求解该对偶积分方程,再由多层地基应力与位移的传递矩阵解,并经Hankel逆变换,得到了多层地基上轴对称受荷刚性圆板问题的解.编制了计算程序,并进行了数值分析与计算.计算结果表明:对均匀地基而言,实际工程的计算分析可只考虑4倍刚性圆板直径以内深度范围内的应力与位移;而地基的分层性对地基的位移和应力有着较大的影响,简单地将均匀地基的结论推广到分层和非均匀地基是不恰当的.     

SERIES SOLUTION FOR SCATTERING OF PLANE SH－WAVES BY MULTIPLE SHALLOW CIRCULAR－ARC CANYONS

ＳＥＲＩＥＳＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＳＣＡＴＴＥＲＩＮＧＯＦＰＬＡＮＥＳＨ－ＷＡＶＥＳＢＹＭＵＬＴＩＰＬＥＳＨＡＬＬＯＷＣＩＲＣＵＬＡＲ－ＡＲＣＣＡＮＹＯＮＳＦａｎｇＹｉｎｇｇｕａｎｇ（房营光）（Ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇ｀ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌ...     

Excess attenuation for sound propagation over an urban canyon

Because quiet areas in dense urban environments are important to well-being, the prediction of sound propagation to shielded urban areas is an ongoing research focus. Sound levels in shielded areas, such as canyons between rows of buildings, are strongly influenced by distant sources. Therefore, propagation factors such as metrology, screening, and intermediate canyons—as occur between a source canyon and a receiver canyon—must be addressed in an engineering propagation model. Though current models address many important propagation factors, engineering treatment of a closed urban canyon, subject to multiple internal reflections, remains difficult.A numerical investigation of sound propagation across the open tops of intermediate urban canyons has been performed, using the parabolic equation and equivalent sources methods. Results have been collected for various canyon geometries, and the influences of multiple canyons, canyon/rooftop absorption, variable rooftop height, wind gradient, and correlated versus uncorrelated source models have been investigated. Resulting wideband excess attenuation values ranged from −1 dB to −4 dB per canyon, and were fairly constant with frequency in many useful cases. By characterizing the excess attenuation of canyons intermediate to the source and receiver, the influence of these intermediate canyons could be addressed simply, without the overhead of a detailed numerical calculation.     

Self-clique Helly circular-arc graphs

A clique in a graph is a complete subgraph maximal under inclusion. The clique graph of a graph is the intersection graph of its cliques. A graph is self-clique when it is isomorphic to its clique graph. A circular-arc graph is the intersection graph of a family of arcs of a circle. A Helly circular-arc graph is a circular-arc graph admitting a model whose arcs satisfy the Helly property. In this note, we describe all the self-clique Helly circular-arc graphs.     

圆弧形层状沉积谷地对入射平面SV波散射解析解

利用Fourier—Bessel级数展开法给出了圆弧形层状沉积谷地对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解，并分析了谷中层状沉积排列顺序及相对刚度等因素对散射的影响．     

各向异性对半圆形河谷散射影响的数值分析

半圆形河谷场地可构造为包含河谷的广义子结构和具有规则边界的开挖场地两部分，基于土-结构相互作用SSI原理，建立子结构控制方程。利用比例边界有限元SBFEM求解开挖场地动刚度，解析求解各向异性介质自由场qP波波动，将两者代入控制方程，可求得广义结构的动力响应。与文献中各向同性半空间中半圆形河谷在P波入射下的位移结果对比，验证了方法的精度和有效性。进一步分析了椭圆各向异性和非椭圆各向异性对半圆形河谷在qP波入射下位移分布的影响。数值算例显示，介质的各向异性改变了半圆形河谷散射位移的空间分布，增大了水平向位移的峰值；同时，介质的各向异性加剧了入射角对散射波场位移分布的影响。     

含覆盖层峡谷地形对平面P、SV波的宽频散射模拟

含覆盖层峡谷对地震波的高频散射规律尚不明确．本文采用间接边界元方法(IBEM)分析半空间中含覆盖层峡谷地形对地震波的二维宽频散射,对入射波型、入射角度和频率、覆盖层深宽比等因素对覆盖层地震响应规律的影响进行探讨分析．结果表明：IBEM可高效精确地对地震波的散射进行宽频模拟．对中低频段（无量纲频率η10.0）,覆盖层放大效应减弱甚至出现缩幅效应．随覆盖层深度增加,位移放大频段的带宽逐渐减小,第一峰值频率降低,且在低频段频谱曲线振荡剧烈．另外,覆盖层形状和入射角度对地震波聚焦特征也具有重要影响,不同波型入射下聚焦区域有很大差别．实际含覆盖层峡谷地形地震反应分析需精细考虑波型、入射波频率和角度、覆盖层深宽比等因素,以更科学地进行震害解释和地震安全性评价．     

三维自适应FE-SPH耦合算法在多层间隔金属靶侵彻问题中的应用

鉴于有限元算法不能有效地模拟侵彻过程所产生的金属碎片, 本文中基于三维自适应FE-SPH耦合算法的基本理论, 自主开发了模拟多层间隔金属靶侵彻问题的三维FE-SPH耦合计算程序。该程序采用四面体单元对多层间隔金属靶侵彻模型进行初始离散, 计算过程中, 当四面体单元等效塑性应变超过某一设定值时, 单元自动转化为SPH粒子, 并引入有限单元-粒子接触算法和耦合算法, 实现大变形和破碎区域采用SPH方法计算, 克服有限元法单元畸变存在的问题。多层间隔靶侵彻算例分析表明, 三维FE-SPH耦合计算程序采用等效塑性应变作为转化判据计算结果较稳定, 并且能够有效地再现侵彻过程中所产生的碎片, 能够模拟侵彻碎片对后层靶的毁伤效应。     

Real-time measurements of PM2.5, PM10–2.5, and BC in an urban street canyon

A continuous dichotomous beta gauge monitor was used to characterize the hourly content of PM_2.5, PM_10–2.5, and Black Carbon (BC) over a 12-month period in an urban street canyon of Hong Kong. Hourly vehicle counts for nine vehicle classes and meteorological data were also recorded. The average weekly cycles of PM_2.5, PM_10–2.5, and BC suggested that all species are related to traffic, with high concentrations on workdays and low concentrations over the weekends. PM_2.5 exhibited two comparable concentrations at 10:00–11:00 (63.4 μg/m³) and 17:00–18:00 (65.0 μg/m³) local time (LT) during workdays, corresponding to the hours when the numbers of diesel-fueled and gasoline-fueled vehicles were at their maximum levels: 3179 and 2907 h⁻¹, respectively. BC is emitted mainly by diesel-fueled vehicles and this showed the highest concentration (31.2 μg/m³) during the midday period (10:00–11:00 LT) on workdays. A poor correlation was found between PM_2.5 concentration and wind speed (R = 0.51, P-value > 0.001). In contrast, the concentration of PM_10–2.5 was found to depend upon wind speed and it increased with obvious statistical significance as wind speed increased (R = 0.98, P-value < 0.0001).