Organometallic chemistry related to applications for microelectronics in Japan

This is meant to be a brief overview of the developments of research activities in Japan on organometallic compounds related to their use in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The importance of organometallic compounds in the deposition of metal and semiconductor films for the fabrication of many electronic and opto-electronic devices cannot be exaggerated. Their scope has now extended to thin-film electronic ceramics and high-temperature oxide superconductors. A variety of organometallic compounds have been used as source materials in many types of processing procedures, such as metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), metal–organic molecular-beam epitaxy (MOMBE), etc. Deposited materials include silicon, Group III–V and II–VI compound semiconductors, metals, superconducting oxides and other inorganic materials. Organometallic compounds are utilized as such in many electronic and optoelectronic devices; examples are conducting and semiconducting materials, photovoltaic, photochromic, electrochromic and nonlinear optical materials. This review consists of two parts: (I) research related to the fabrication of semiconductor, metal and inorganic materials; and (II) research related to the direct use of organometallic materials and basic fundamental research.     

Influence of preparation methods on structure and properties of PA6/PA66 blends: A comparison of melt‐mixing and in situ blending

The blends composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) were obtained using two different preparation methods, one of which was the melt‐mixing through a twin‐screw extruder and the subsequent injection molding; and the other, the in situ blending through anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in the presence of PA66. For the former, there existed a remarkable improvement in toughness but a drastic drop in strength and modulus; however, for the latter, a reverse but less significant trend of mechanical properties change appeared. Various characterizations were conducted, including the analyses of crystalline morphology, crystallographic form, and crystallization and melting behaviors using polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively; observation of morphology of fractured surface with scanning electron microscope (SEM); measurement of glass transition through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA); and the intermolecular interaction as well as the interchange reaction between the two components by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR) and ¹³C solution NMR. The presence and absence of interchange reaction was verified for the in situ and melt‐mixed blends, respectively. It is believed that the transreaction resulted in a drop in glass transition temperature (T_g) for the in situ blends, contrary to an increase of T_g with increasing PA66 content for the melt‐mixed ones. And the two kinds of fabrication methods led to significant differences in the crystallographic form, spherulite size and crystalline content and perfection as well. Accordingly, it is attempted to explain the reasons for the opposite trends of changes in the mechanical properties for these two blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1176–1186, 2007     

Banach-Saks property in Marcinkiewicz spaces

We catalogue all Marcinkiewicz function and sequence spaces with the Banach-Saks property and present necessary and sufficient conditions for a wide subclass of spaces to possess the p-Banach-Saks property, 1<p<∞. We apply our results to several open problems.     

平衡规划问题的熵函数方法及其在混合交通流中的应用

将参变极值问题的极大熵函数方法应用到求解平衡规划问题中,通过先验分布信息和Kullback熵概念,给出了平衡规划问题基于Kullback熵表示的熵函数求解方法,并将平衡规划的极大熵函数方法应用于求解混合交通平衡分配问题．     

On K1 and K2 of Algebraic Surfaces

In this paper we study higher Chow groups of smooth, projective surfaces over a field k of characteristic zero, using some new Hodge theoretic methods which we develop for this purpose. In particular we investigate the subgroup of CH ^r+1 (X,r) with r = 1,2 consisting of cycles that are supported over a normal crossing divisor Z on X. In this case, the Hodge theory of the complement forms an interesting variation of mixed Hodge structures in any geometric deformation of the situation. Our main result is a structure theorem in the case where X is a very general hypersurface of degree d in projective 3-space for d sufficiently large and Z is a union of very general hypersurface sections of X. In this case we show that the subgroup of CH ^r+1 (X,r) we consider is generated by obvious cycles only arising from rational functions on X with poles along Z. This can be seen as a generalization of the Noether–Lefschetz theorem for r = 0. In the case r = 1 there is a similar generalization by Müller-Stach, but our result is more precise than it, since it is geometric and not only cohomological. The case r = 2 is entirely new and original in this paper. For small d, we construct some explicit examples for r = 1 and 2 where the corresponding higher Chow groups are indecomposable, i.e. not the image of certain products of lower order groups. In an appendix Alberto Collino constructs even more indecomposable examples in CH ³ (X,2) which move in a one-dimensional family on the surface X.Contribution to appendix.     

L p -dual Quermassintegral sums

In this paper, we first introduce a concept of L _p -dual Quermassintegral sum function of convex bodies and establish the polar projection Minkowski inequality and the polar projection Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality for L _p -dual Quermassintegral sums. Moreover, by using Lutwak’s width-integral of index i, we establish the L _p -Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the polar mixed projection bodies. As applications, we prove some interrelated results. This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10271071), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. Y605065) and Foundation of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No. 20050392)     

SiCp/Y112铝基复合材料制备工艺及性能

3种不同铸造工艺条件下铝基复合材料的微观组织,并对其硬度进行了测定.研究表明:与全液态铸造法和半固态铸造法相比,搅熔铸造制备的SiCp/Y112铝基复合材料,其增强相SiC颗粒分布均匀,气孔率较少.是一种较理想的金属基复合材料制备工艺.未增强的Y112基体铝合金的维氏硬度高于其半固态坯料的维氏硬度;而SiCp/Y112铝基复合材料的维氏硬度明显高于基体的维氏硬度,并随着SiC颗粒的体积分数的增加其复合材料的维氏硬度不断提高.     

Optical bistability of planar metal/dielectric nonlinear nanostructures

We study theoretically a nonlinear response of the planar metal/dielectric nanostructures constituted from periodical array of ultra thin silver layers and the layers of Kerr-like nonlinear dielectric. We predict hysteresis-type dependences of the components of the tensor of effective dielectric permittivity on the field intensity allowing the change in material transmission properties from transparent to opaque and back at extremely low intensities of the light. It makes possible to control the light by light in all-optical nanoscale devices and circuits.     

Catalysis by Ir(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) metal ions in the oxidation of organic compounds with H2O2

Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H₂O₂. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Li2O-B2O3-P2O5系统非晶态混合骨架效应的NMR研究

用核磁共振对非晶态中B³⁺离子的微观结构进行了测定,结合Raman光谱的研究,对Li₂O-B₂O₃-P₂O₅系统非晶态的性能(电导率、密度等)在P₂O₅/B₂O₃比约等于1时产生极值的原因从理论上作了阐明。