CoCl_2-PVA可逆热敏微胶囊的制备与性能

以低温可逆热敏示温材料氯化钴（CoCl2）为芯材、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为壳材、戊二醛（GA）为交联剂,在W/O/W混合乳液体系中,通过界面交联法制备了CoCl2-PVA可逆热敏示温微胶囊,并对其各项性能进行了系统研究。结果表明：当PVA溶液的质量分数为0.8%、PVA与GA摩尔比为1∶2.5、内水相pH为2、CoCl2溶...     

A method for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of PLA

In order to modify the brittleness and flame retardant properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a series of flame retardant toughened PLA composites were prepared using poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (PEG6000) as a toughening and charring agent together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source and blowing agent. The fire and thermal behavior of PLA/PEG/APP composites was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the PLA/PEG/APP system had good charring ability and could improve the flame retardancy of PLA. When the content of APP in the composites was more than 5 wt%, all samples could reach UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The results of mechanical property tests demonstrated that the brittleness of PLA was also improved after blended with PEG6000. All the PLA/PEG/APP composites with an APP content of less than 10 wt% showed an obvious neck and fracture behavior, that is, the tensile behavior of PLA was changed from brittle to ductile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无机刚性粒子增韧聚丙烯的影响因素

简要介绍了无机刚性粒子对聚丙烯(PP)的增韧机理,并着重介绍了利用无机刚性粒子增韧PP时,PP基体、无机刚性粒子的性质及用量、无机刚性粒子在PP基体中的分散情况、无机刚性粒子与PP基体间的界面相互作用等因素对增韧效果的影响。     

大豆分离蛋白-十二烷基硫酸钠微胶囊的制备与表征

以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为壁材, 以十六烷为芯材, 通过复凝聚法制备了微胶囊. 首先确定了SPI和SDS发生复凝聚的适宜pH、SPI/SDS配比、壁材浓度等. 在确定的实验条件下进行复凝聚, 凝聚物产率可达85%. 改变搅拌转速和芯壁比, 考察它们对微胶囊性能的影响. 用光学显微镜观察了微胶囊形貌. 用气相色谱测定了微胶囊的载药量和包覆率. 芯壁比为2、搅拌转速为400 r/min时所制备微胶囊的载药量可达61%. 随着芯壁比的增大, 微胶囊粒径及载药量都逐渐增大.     

A Data-Driven Space-Time-Parameter Reduced-Order Model with Manifold Learning for Coupled Problems: Application to Deformable Capsules Flowing in Microchannels

An innovative data-driven model-order reduction technique is proposed to model dilute micrometric or nanometric suspensions of microcapsules, i.e., microdrops protected in a thin hyperelastic membrane, which are used in Healthcare as innovative drug vehicles. We consider a microcapsule flowing in a similar-size microfluidic channel and vary systematically the governing parameter, namely the capillary number, ratio of the viscous to elastic forces, and the confinement ratio, ratio of the capsule to tube size. The resulting space-time-parameter problem is solved using two global POD reduced bases, determined in the offline stage for the space and parameter variables, respectively. A suitable low-order spatial reduced basis is then computed in the online stage for any new parameter instance. The time evolution of the capsule dynamics is achieved by identifying the nonlinear low-order manifold of the reduced variables; for that, a point cloud of reduced data is computed and a diffuse approximation method is used. Numerical comparisons between the full-order fluid-structure interaction model and the reduced-order one confirm both accuracy and stability of the reduction technique over the whole admissible parameter domain. We believe that such an approach can be applied to a broad range of coupled problems especially involving quasistatic models of structural mechanics.     

昆虫激素十二醇微胶囊的制备与释放行为研究

利用昆虫雌性激素对昆虫进行干扰交配是近年来使用的一种新技术,可替代农药杀虫剂达到高选择性无毒无药灭害的目的。迄今为止的相关研究及应用技术都是使用载有昆虫激素的棉条、纸片、塑胶管等装置,以一定密度置于果园或农田。十二醇是较为简单的一个存在于多种昆虫的雌性激素中化合物。本文首次探索使用聚合物微球水分散体系将昆虫激素十二醇(C12OH)包覆在聚合物微球中,通过改变水分散体系的制备方法、复合微球壁的交联度等探讨了此类体系对C12OH的可控释放。本工作首先通过测定阿拉伯胶明胶复凝聚过程的透光率、ζ电位,确定了阿拉伯胶-明胶的重量配比为1时可达最大复凝聚。在此基础上,制备了一系列不同交联剂戊二醛含量的复合微胶囊。结果表明微胶囊壁材的交联度随交联剂量明显上升,其对C12OH的包覆率经1%戊二醛交联后即提高至未交联体系的约三倍。但进一步提高戊二醛的含量,虽然胶囊的交联度仍明显上升,但对C12OH的包覆率基本保持恒定。使用同样量的甲醛可达同样交联效果,但对C12OH的包覆率有明显提高。在恒温恒湿条件下对各胶囊的C12OH释放行为进行了表征,结果显示交联胶囊可明显提高C12OH的恒速释放时间,交联度越高,恒速释放越稳定。本工作表明通过本方法确实可以达到将昆虫激素包覆在聚合物颗粒中并达到可控释放。     

PBT/POE-g-MAH/PP共混体系的相态结构与性能

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE-g-MAH)与聚丙烯(PP)在双螺杆挤出机上进行熔融共混,制备了3种新型增韧改性剂.研究了增韧改性剂的种类及其用量对共混物的力学性能、相形态结构、熔融与结晶行为的影响.力学性能测试表明,POE-g-MAH与适量PP并用具有显著的协同增韧作用,当POE-g-MAH与PP的配比为70/30时,所得增韧改性剂(POEg2)具有最佳的增韧效果.当POEg2含量达到15%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度(Is)从纯PBT的7.5 kJ/m2提高到51.2 kJ/m2,与15%的纯POE-g-MAH弹性体增韧PBT具有相近的缺口冲击强度值.同时,共混物的拉伸强度(σb)损失最小.采用AFM和SEM观察发现,新型增韧改性剂作为分散相具有软壳-硬核结构.DSC测试表明,随增韧改性剂中PP含量增加到一定值时,壳-核结构中软壳层出现不完整现象,导致界面作用力减小,共混物的Is和σb都出现明显下降.     

相变增韧陶瓷平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹的渐近分析(Ⅱ)*

本文采用一种考虑相交剪切变形的陶瓷材料本构关系,对平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹尖端场进行渐近分析.给出了裂纹尖端附近环形域内的应力、速率分布以及应力奇异性指数.对不同材料参数下的变化规律进行了详细的分析和讨论.     

Structure and property relationships in model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl bisphenol‐a epoxy systems. I. Mechanical property characterizations

Model epoxy networks, with variations in crosslink density and in epoxy monomer rigidity, were prepared to study how the network structure affects modulus, T_g, and toughness/toughenability of epoxy resins. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl‐bisphenol‐A, along with the corresponding chain extenders, were chosen to study how monomer backbone rigidity and crosslink density affect physical and mechanical properties of epoxies. The present study indicates that, as expected, the backbone rigidity of the epoxy network, not the crosslink density alone, will strongly influence modulus and T_g of epoxy resins. Upon rubber toughening, it is found that the rigidity of the epoxy backbone and/or the nature of the crosslinking agent utilized are most critical to the toughenability of the epoxy. That is, the well‐known correlation between toughenability and the average molecular weight between crosslinks (M_c) does not necessarily hold true when the nature of epoxy backbone molecular mobility is altered. The potential significance of the present findings for a better design of toughened thermosets for structural applications is discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2137–2149, 1999     

Novel poly(l‐lactide)/poly(d‐lactide)/poly(tetrahydrofuran) multiblock copolymers with a controlled architecture: Synthesis and characterization

Novel poly(l ‐lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d ‐lactide) (PDLA)/poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) multiblock copolymers with designed molecular structure were synthesized by a two‐stage procedure. Well‐defined PDLA‐PLLA‐PTHF‐PLLA‐PDLA pentablock copolymers were prepared by sequential ring opening polymerization of l ‐ and d ‐lactides starting from PTHF glycol, with the length of the (equimolar) PLLA and PDLA blocks being varied. Then, these dihydroxyl‐terminated pentamers were transformed into multiblock copolymers by melt chain‐extension with hexamethylene diisocyanate–being the first time that the coupling of pentablock units is reported. The successful formation of macromolecular chains with a multiblock and well‐defined architecture was demonstrated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties and structuring of the resulting materials were investigated by means of DSC and WAXD measurements and DMA analysis. Stereocomplexation was found to be promoted during solution and melt crystallization. This approach affords materials combining the high rigidity and strength (other than improved thermal resistance) of the hard stereocomplex crystallites with the flexibility imparted by the soft block, whereby their properties can be finely tailored through the composition of the basic pentablock units without limitations on the final molecular weight. The adopted reaction conditions make this process highly appealing in view of the possibility to perform it in extruder. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3269–3282