基于非重叠Mortar方法的比例边界等几何分析

在比例边界等几何分析的建模剖分过程中会出现交界面网格非匹配现象,给计算分析带来困难。为了能够处理此类问题,提出了基于非重叠Mortar方法的比例边界等几何分析。该方法能在将全域分解为若干子域时,针对每个子域分别建模和剖分网格,交界面网格无需逐点匹配;采用交叉点修正的非均匀有理B-样条基函数构造Lagrange乘子空间,子域交界面连续条件可通过Mortar条件满足;并根据交界面连续条件进行自由度凝聚,得到对称正定的系数矩阵,可直接求解。分片试验、U形结构和半无限空间上的柔性基础等数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性,计算精度满足要求。     

基于AFT-Delaunay的二维解耦并行网格生成算法

面向平面任意几何区域网格生成,提出了一种将波前法AFT(Advancing Front Technique)与Delaunay法相结合的解耦并行网格生成算法。算法主要思想是沿着求解几何区域惯性轴,采用扩展的AFT-Delaunay算法生成高质量三角形网格墙,递归地将几何区域动态划分成多个彼此解耦的子区域;采用OpenMP多线程并行技术,将子区域分配给多个CPU并行生成子区域网格;子区域内部的网格生成复用AFT-Delaunay算法,保证了生成网格的质量、效率和一致性要求。本算法优先生成几何边界与交界面网格,有利于提高有限元计算精度;各个子区域的网格生成彼此完全解耦,因此并行网格生成过程无需通信。该方法克服了并行交界面网格质量恶化难题,且具有良好的并行加速比,能够全自动、高效率地并行生成高质量的三角网格。     

基于SIFT特征检测和三次插值样条的快速曲面重构算法

针对传统的曲面重构算法一直存在重构精度低、效率差的问题,提出一种新的快速曲面重构算法。基于三次插值样条和改进SIFT特征检测和匹配方法,先对二维图像预处理后,检测其边界点并且拟合,然后将区域按四个象限进行分区,用三次插值样条边界进行曲面重构,同时结合改进的SIFT特征检测和匹配方法检测各个区域曲面边界的特征点,然后再进行匹配拼接。实验结果表明,该算法得到曲面模型的时间效率有很大的提高,并且曲面效果好,光滑、平顺。     

Improving the robustness of the control volume finite element method with application to multiphase porous media flow

Control volume finite element methods (CVFEMs) have been proposed to simulate flow in heterogeneous porous media because they are better able to capture complex geometries using unstructured meshes. However, producing good quality meshes in such models is nontrivial and may sometimes be impossible, especially when all or parts of the domains have very large aspect ratio. A novel CVFEM is proposed here that uses a control volume representation for pressure and yields significant improvements in the quality of the pressure matrix. The method is initially evaluated and then applied to a series of test cases using unstructured (triangular/tetrahedral) meshes, and numerical results are in good agreement with semianalytically obtained solutions. The convergence of the pressure matrix is then studied using complex, heterogeneous example problems. The results demonstrate that the new formulation yields a pressure matrix than can be solved efficiently even on highly distorted, tetrahedral meshes in models of heterogeneous porous media with large permeability contrasts. The new approach allows effective application of CVFEM in such models.     

城轨车辆电气柜故障诊断方法研究

城轨车辆电气柜种类繁多,结构复杂,若依靠人工检测的方式进行故障的排除,不仅诊断效率低且可靠性差。通过对多个城轨车辆电气柜的具体分析,提出一种动态提取有向图结构模型并生成测试序列的算法,利用图的最优路径算法进行测试自检,最后使用一种适应性测试诊断树来完成故障的定位与隔离。实验表明,该诊断方法能够有效地对城轨车辆电气柜的故障进行诊断,且对于不同拓扑结构的城轨车辆电气柜具有良好的适应性。     

基于自适应网格的材料渗透系数设计

采用基于单元(结点)密度为设计变量进行结构和材料的拓扑优化设计时,有限元网格的密度对优化设计有很大影响. 在以渗透系数为目标进行材料微结构设计时,为了较好地描述单胞中的流固边界,需要将单胞划分为很小的网格,进一步增加了有限元计算和优化分析的规模. 为了降低计算规模, 研究了基于自适应网格的逆均匀化方法,以最大化各向同性等效渗透系数为目标,进行材料微结构设计. 优化迭代过程中,对单胞中流固界面处的网格进行自适应加密,降低优化问题的计算规模. 采用这一算法,对不同初始密度分布得到的单胞优化结果虽然不同,但具有相同的材料微结构,一定程度上说明了该方法的有效性.      

On collocation methods for delay differential and Volterra integral equations with proportional delay

To compute long term integrations for the pantograph differential equation with proportional delay qt, 0 < q ⩽ 1: y′(t) = ay(t) + by(qt) + f(t), y(0) = y ₀, we offer two kinds of numerical methods using special mesh distributions, that is, a rational approximant with ‘quasi-uniform meshes’ (see E. Ishiwata and Y. Muroya [Appl. Math. Comput., 2007, 187: 741-747]) and a Gauss collocation method with ‘quasi-constrained meshes’. If we apply these meshes to rational approximant and Gauss collocation method, respectively, then we obtain useful numerical methods of order p ^* = 2m for computing long term integrations. Numerical investigations for these methods are also presented.      

Grain size,strain rate,and temperature dependence of flow stress in ultra-fine grained and nanocrystalline Cu and Al: Synthesis,experiment, and constitutive modeling

For the first time, high quality bulk nanocrystalline (nc) fcc metals, with least amounts of imperfections, exhibiting high strength and ductility at room and different temperatures, under quasi-static and dynamic types of loading, were prepared and a comprehensive study on their post-yield mechanical properties was performed. This investigation included study of the effect of temperature on stress–strain responses of mechanically milled bulk nc Cu and Al. The samples after preparation through mechanical milling and consolidation processes were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates of 10⁻² s⁻¹ and 1840–3105 s⁻¹, respectively, at temperatures ranging from 223 to 523 K. In both materials strong dependency of flow stress to temperature was observed; this dependency was rather more pronounced when the materials were tested at the quasi-static strain rate. Further, a new grain size and temperature dependent viscoplastic phenomenological constitutive equation, Khan–Liang–Farrokh (KLF) model was developed based on the Khan–Huang–Liang (KHL) constitutive equation. The model was featured to correlate different characteristic behaviors of polycrystalline materials in the plastic regime, as the result of grain refinement. In addition, the viscoplastic responses of bulk Cu and Al of different grain sizes (from sub-micron to nanometer range), and those from bulk nc Cu and Al at different strain rates (quasi-static to dynamic), recently published (21 and 22), were simulated using the newly developed equation. The results confirmed reasonable capability of the developed model to correlate a wide spectrum of the viscoplastic responses of these fcc metals.     

低雷诺数下弹性圆柱体涡激振动及影响参数分析

利用Fluent软件数值求解不可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程,研究均匀来流Re=200时弹性圆柱体的涡激振动.圆柱体运动简化为质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,将Newmark-β方法代码写入用户自定义函数(UDF)求解运动方程,柱体与流体间的非线性耦合作用通过动网格技术实现.详细分析了涡激力系数、柱体位移特征值和尾流涡结构随频率比的变化关系,获得"相位开关"、"拍"等现象.考虑流向振动对横向振动影响时,圆柱体最大横向振幅为0.65倍直径.当固定频率比,而质量比或折合阻尼增大时,圆柱体流向与横向振动均呈非线性衰减趋势,但增大质量比对流向平均位移的偏离起到更好的控制效果.     

大型直线振动筛动态仿真的研究

本文对我国首次设计的27m^2大型直线振动筛进行了动态仿真,探索了大型筛分机械动态仿真理论方法和试验技术,改进了大型筛体的设计,为我国生产大型振动筛探索了可行之路。