双模冗余器载计算机设计与实现

器载计算机是航天器电气系统的重要组成部分,其可靠性对航天器能否完成任务至关重要。为了保证航天器上计算机在出现故障时仍能正常工作,对双机冗余器载计算机的体系结构、切换策略、判别准则等内容进行了研究,在保留主份机与双机切换电路、备份机与双机切换电路之间的状态工作信号的基础上,通过在主份机、备份机之间新增加一个状态工作信号,提出了一种改进的自主切换策略。实践表明,运用改进的自主切换策略,在双机切换电路中的自主切换模块出现故障时仍能实现自主切换,同时将比较器设计为软件,采用软件表决、软件选通的思路,消除了硬件比较器的关键单点故障,这些容错设计改进能有效地提高器载计算机系统的可靠性,对高可靠器载计算机设计与实现具有较好的工程参考意义。     

多航天器并行测试综合显示平台的设计与实现

为解决载人航天器并行测试遥测数据集中判读和关联分析问题,提出一种支持多航天器并行测试的综合显示平台设计方法。对多航天器并行测试方案进行研究,对综合显示平台总体架构进行设计。平台采用插件式程序架构便于功能扩展,采用脚本引擎技术提高平台可配置性,采用MVC设计模式增加页面编辑的可维护性,采用多线程技术和定时器策略实现海量数据的实时显示。平台具备图形页面、列表页面、曲线页面显示功能,可以实现常规数值显示、报警监视及源码、序列显示,同时,支持测试数据本地保存与回放判读。综合显示平台已应用于载人航天器全阶段地面测试和某型号航天器在轨交会对接任务中,应用效果良好。     

一种镉镍蓄电池在轨活化通用设计方法

提出了一种卫星镉镍蓄电池在轨活化通用化设计与实现方法,利用卫星软件根据实时遥测数据,自主进行镉镍蓄电池在轨活化处理。解决了传统航天器地面采用预设V-T曲线进行镉镍蓄电池的充放电人工控制时,由于电流遥测频率较低且负载工作电流变化模式多,境外的参数无法实时获取等原因,无法获取准确的充放电电量,不易通过深放电实现镉镍蓄电池在轨活化处理的问题。进一步对该方法进行通用化设计,可适用于采用电量计控制的各种航天器镉镍蓄电池,提高镉镍蓄电池寿命末期输出能力,延长航天器电池使用寿命。     

Coma compensation of o-ring driven liquid-filled lenses

The purpose of this study was to analyze the coma compensation of bi-convex o-ring driven liquid-filled lenses. In a previous study, the o-ring driven liquid-filled lens was composed of a base plate, a glass covered liquid container, an elastic membrane, an o-ring, a spring, and three hand-driven screws. The movement of the ring is used to control the focal length or the focus position. However, the o-ring driven liquid lens exhibited a coma effect when trying to use it to tilt the direction of light. To resolve this problem, in this study the bi-convex o-ring driven liquid-filled lens was constructed of two single o-ring driven liquid-filled lenses, and a coma compensation analysis of this new design is carried out. zemax software was used to construct the model, and the Zernike polynomials were used to estimate the compensation result. According to the simulation results, the following two actions could compensate for the initial coma aberration: (1) the same tilt direction of the front and back lenses; (2) increased the curvature of the back lens.     

脉冲星自主天文导航概述

脉冲星因其具有良好的周期性,成为了非常良好的天文导航信号源,经过多年的观测分析,大量脉冲星的基本观测量已经被精确测定,通过理论模型分析,脉冲到达时间可以作为导航滤波的基本观测量,能提供时间与空间位置信息,因此,脉冲星可以为近地轨道和深空探测提供导航信息,从而替代传统的GPS导航定位以及深空网导航。介绍了脉冲导航的发展历程、脉冲星导航基本原理以及脉冲星导航系统实现框架与应用,并对脉冲星导航系统的进一步发展的难点进行有效分析。     

Random perturbations effects on the stability of Tension Leg Platforms in offshore engineering and of other large structures

We analyze the stability of Tension Leg Platform offshore structures, as well as of some large flexible space structures, under random perturbations of their main parameters. An asymptotic theory and numerical methods are used as tools to study moment stability, and numerical simulations of the Monte Carlo type are also conducted for both purposes, of checking the results of the asymptotic theory and to handle cases when such a theory cannot be applied.     

Multiple-Subarc Gradient-Restoration Algorithm, Part 2: Application to a Multistage Launch Vehicle Design

In Part 1 (see Ref. 2), a multiple-subarc gradient-restoration algorithm (MSGRA) was developed with the intent of enhancing the robustness of gradient-restoration algorithms and also enlarging the field of applications. Indeed, MSGRA can be applied to optimal control problems involving multiple subsystems as well as discontinuities in the state and control variables at the interface between contiguous subsystems.In Part 2 (this paper), MSGRA is applied to compute the optimal trajectory for a multistage launch vehicle design, specifically, a rocket-powered spacecraft ascending from the Earth surface to a low Earth orbit (LEO). Single-stage, double-stage, and triple-stage configurations are considered. For multistage configurations, discontinuities in the mass occur at the interfaces between consecutive stages.The numerical results show that, given the current levels of the engine specific impulse and spacecraft structural factor, the single-stage version is not feasible at this time, while the double-stage and triple-stage versions are feasible. Further increases in the specific impulse and decreases in the structural factor are needed if the single-stage configuration has to become feasible.Also, the numerical results show that the optimal trajectory requires initially maximum thrust, followed by modulated thrust so as to satisfy the maximum acceleration constraint, followed by nearly zero thrust for coasting flight, followed by a final burst with moderate thrust so as to increase the spacecraft velocity to the circular velocity needed for LEO insertion. The above properties of the optimal thrust time history are useful for developing the guidance scheme approximating in real time the optimal trajectory for a launch vehicle design.     

Improved frequency modeling and solution for parallel liquid-filled pipes considering both fluid-structure interaction and structural coupling

The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature. The parallel liquid-filled pipe (PLFP) system is also widely used in engineering, and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe. However, there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs. Therefore, this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs, involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing. The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and the structural coupling of the PLFPs. The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments. The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed. This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.     

Some Modeling and Optimization Problems in Space Flight Mechanics

The paper addresses some problems arising in modeling of spacecrafts, optimization of their parameters and trajectories, and optimal control of motion in model gravity fields and atmosphere     

颗粒阻尼在航天器减振中的应用与前景

振动抑制是航天器结构设计关心的主要问题之一。本文介绍了一种新型的颗粒阻尼技术,分析了颗粒阻尼器的背景设计难点、减振原理及其影响因素,给出了几个应用实例,对其国内外应用研究现状进行了总结。针对颗粒阻尼器的基本设计原则可以认为：颗粒阻尼器在航天器的蜂窝夹层结构中具有天然的安装优势,而其不受环境限制的特点有望为航天器结构极端工况下的部／组件减振提供一条可行的路径。