Roles of blocking layer and anode bias in processes of impurity-band transition and transport for GaAs-based blocked-impurity-band detectors

Recently, GaAs-based BIB detector has attracted a lot of attention in the area of THz photovoltaic detection due to potential application values in security check and drug inspection. However, the physical mechanisms involving in carrier transition and transport are still unclear due to the poor material quality and immature processing technique. In this paper, the dark current and THz response characteristics have thus been numerically studied for GaAs-based blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detectors. The key parameters and physical models are constructed by simultaneously considering carrier freeze-out and impurity-band broadening effects. Roles of blocking layer and anode bias in processes of impurity-band transition and transport are intensively investigated, and the results can be well explained by numerical models. It is demonstrated that the effective electric field for the detector is only located in the absorbing layer, and can determine to a large extent the magnitude of the dark current and THz response. While the blocking layer not only can suppress dark current but also can attenuate responsivity due to its electric-field modulation effect.     

Bound to continuum intersubband transition optical properties in the strain reducing layer-assisted InAs quantum dot structure

In this paper, the impact of wetting layer, strain reducing layer and dot height on the electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties of bound to continuum states transitions are investigated in a system of InAs truncated conical shaped quantum dot covered with the In_xGa_1−x As strain reducing layer. The electronic structure, containing two main states of S and wetting layer states (WL), was calculated by solving one electronic band Hamiltonian with effective-mass approximation. The results reveal that the presence of the strain reducing layer in the structure extends the quantum dot emission to longer wavelength which is reported as a red-shift of the photoluminescence (PL) peak in the experimental measurement. This study also highlights the possibility of improving the intersubband optical properties based on the significant size-dependence of the three layer dot matrix by employing the strain reducing and wetting layers. According to this simulation, relatively tall dots on the thick wetting layer introduce the optimized structure size for practical applications to meet the SRL assisted enhanced dot structure.     

Highly flexible,transparent, conductive and antibacterial films made of spin-coated silver nanowires and a protective ZnO layer

We prepared highly flexible, transparent, conductive and antibacterial film by spin coating a silver nanowire suspension on a poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The ZnO layer covered the conductive silver nanowire (AgNW) network to protect the metal nanowires from oxidization and enhance both wire-to-wire adhesion and wire-to-substrate adhesion. It is found that the number of AgNW coatings correlates with both the sheet resistance (R_s) and the transmittance of the AgNW/ZnO composite films. An excellent 92% optical transmittance in the visible range and a surface sheet resistance of only 9 Ω sq⁻¹ has been achieved, respectively. Even after bending 1000 times (5 mm bending radius), we found no significant change in the sheet resistance or optical transmittance. The real-time sheet resistance measured as a function of bending radius also remains stable even at the smallest measured bending radius (1 mm). The AgNW/ZnO composite films also show antibacterial effects which could be useful for the fabrication of wearable electronic devices.     

Mathematical model of electromigration allowing the deviation from electroneutrality

The structure of the double layer on the boundary between solid and liquid phases is described by various models, of which the Stern–Gouy–Chapman model is still commonly accepted. Generally, the solid phase is charged, which also causes the distribution of the electric charge in the adjacent diffuse layer in the liquid phase. We propose a new mathematical model of electromigration considering the high deviation from electroneutrality in the diffuse layer of the double layer when the liquid phase is composed of solution of weak multivalent electrolytes of any valence and of any complexity. The mathematical model joins together the Poisson equation, the continuity equation for electric charge, the mass continuity equations, and the modified G-function. The model is able to calculate the volume charge density, electric potential, and concentration profiles of all ionic forms of all electrolytes in the diffuse part of the double layer, which consequently enables to calculate conductivity, pH, and deviation from electroneutrality. The model can easily be implemented into the numerical simulation software such as Comsol. Its outcome is demonstrated by the numerical simulation of the double layer composed of a charged silica surface and an adjacent liquid solution composed of weak multivalent electrolytes. The validity of the model is not limited only to the diffuse part of the double layer but is valid for electromigration of electrolytes in general.     

Rational Development of Guanidinate and Amidinate Based Cerium and Ytterbium Complexes as Atomic Layer Deposition Precursors: Synthesis,Modeling, and Application

Owing to the limited availability of suitable precursors for vapor phase deposition of rare-earth containing thin-film materials, new or improved precursors are sought after. In this study, we explored new precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of cerium (Ce) and ytterbium (Yb) containing thin films. A series of homoleptic tris-guanidinate and tris-amidinate complexes of cerium (Ce) and ytterbium (Yb) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The C-substituents on the N-C-N backbone (Me, NMe₂, NEt₂, where Me=methyl, Et=ethyl) and the N-substituents from symmetrical iso-propyl (iPr) to asymmetrical tertiary-butyl (tBu) and Et were systematically varied to study the influence of the substituents on the physicochemical properties of the resulting compounds. Single crystal structures of [Ce(dpdmg)₃] 1 and [Yb(dpdmg)₃] 6 (dpdmg=N,N'-diisopropyl-2-dimethylamido-guanidinate) highlight a monomeric nature in the solid-state with a distorted trigonal prismatic geometry. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the complexes are volatile and emphasize that increasing asymmetry in the complexes lowers their melting points while reducing their thermal stability. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the reactivity of amidinates and guanidinates of Ce and Yb complexes towards oxygen (O₂) and water (H₂O). Signified by the DFT calculations, the guanidinates show an increased reactivity toward water compared to the amidinate complexes. Furthermore, the Ce complexes are more reactive compared to the Yb complexes, indicating even a reactivity towards oxygen potentially exploitable for ALD purposes. As a representative precursor, the highly reactive [Ce(dpdmg)₃] 1 was used for proof-of-principle ALD depositions of CeO₂ thin films using water as co-reactant. The self-limited ALD growth process could be confirmed at 160 °C with polycrystalline cubic CeO₂ films formed on Si(100) substrates. This study confirms that moving towards nitrogen-coordinated rare-earth complexes bearing the guanidinate and amidinate ligands can indeed be very appealing in terms of new precursors for ALD of rare earth based materials.     

Synergic Enhancement of High-density Polyethylene through Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Multi-flow Vibration Injection Molding: A Facile Fabrication with Potential Industrial Prospects

General-purpose plastics with high strength and toughness have been in great demand for structural engineering applications. To achieve the reinforcement and broaden the application scope of high-density polyethylene(HDPE), multi-flow vibration injection molding(MFVIM) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) are synergistically employed in this work. Herein, the MFVIM has better shear layer control ability and higher fabrication advantage for complex parts than other analogous novel injection molding technologies reported.The reinforcing effect of various filling times and UHMWPE contents as well as the corresponding microstructure evolution are investigated.When 5 wt% UHMWPE is added, MFVIM process with six flow times thickens the shear layer to the whole thickness. The tensile strength and modulus increase to 2.14 and 1.39 times, respectively, compared to neat HDPE on the premise of remaining 70% impact strength. Structural characterizations indicate that the enhancement is attributed to the improvement of shish-kebab content and lamellae compactness, as well as related to the corresponding size distributions of undissolved UHMWPE particles. This novel injection molding technology with great industrial prospects provides a facile and effective strategy to broaden the engineering applications of HDPE materials. Besides, excessive UHMWPE may impair the synergistic enhancement effect, which is also reasonably explained.     

基于MDARM和VxWorks的小型无人机执行器故障检测方法

由于目前在小型无人机执行器故障诊断中存在着智能化程度较低,容易受到人为因素干扰,从而出现故障漏检等问题,难以满足小型无人机对飞行安全的要求。为此,本文提出一种基于多维数据关联规则挖掘(Multidimensional Data Association Rules Mining: MDARM)和VxWorks操作系统的小型无人机执行器故障诊断方法,通过建立执行器内部传感器测量的温度、压力、流速、力矩等相关变量的历史数据库,并对这些数据进行预处理,以避免带来噪声污染,并利用可测量参数与不可测量参数之间的关联性,建立故障诊断知识库,避免了诊断过程中的人为因素干扰,实现小型无人机执行器故障的精准测量。实验结果证明,这种方法能够有效地提高故障准确率64.7%,对小型无人机执行器的智能诊提供有效指导,应用前景广阔。     

GaAs pyramidal quantum dot coupled to wetting layer in an AlGaAs matrix: A strain-free system

In this contribution, the electronic and linear and nonlinear optical properties of pyramid-shaped GaAs quantum dots (QDs) coupled to wetting layer (WL) in an Al_0.3Ga_0.7As matrix have been investigated. This nanostructure is relaxed from strain effects due to very small lattice-mismatching. Three transitions of P-to-S, WL-to-P, and WL-to-S were considered and the corresponding transition dipole moments, oscillator strengths, and linear and nonlinear optical properties regarding to these transitions were investigated as a function of the QD height. The results showed that for P-to-S transition, which is a purely in-plane-polarized transition, the dependence of electronic and optical properties on the size is moderate and can be neglected. But for WL-to-P and WL-to-S transitions, which are in-plane- and z-polarized transitions, respectively, the electronic as well as optical properties are strongly size-dependent. Furthermore, a competition between WL-to-S and WL-to-P transitions was observed when the QD size changed.     

Uniform stable conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer for enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain method

Based on conformal construction of physical model in a three-dimensional Cartesian grid,an integral-based conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer(CPML) is given for solving the truncation problem of the open port when the enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain(ECT-CFDTD) method is used to simulate the wave propagation inside a perfect electric conductor(PEC) waveguide.The algorithm has the same numerical stability as the ECT-CFDTD method.For the long-time propagation problems of an evanescent wave in a waveguide,several numerical simulations are performed to analyze the reflection error by sweeping the constitutive parameters of the integral-based conformal CPML.Our numerical results show that the integral-based conformal CPML can be used to efficiently truncate the open port of the waveguide.     

超光滑加工精磨过程中损伤层与余量匹配的研究

对超光滑加工散粒研磨工序中采用的三级精磨法,进行了实验研究,通过改进差分化学刻蚀实验测出各级损伤层的厚度,利用损伤层厚度对加工余量匹配进行了优化。研究表明损伤层厚度与砂粒的粒径和压载之积成线性关系,与研磨时长无关;实验测得W28、W10、W5号磨料在实验条件下研磨加工产生的损伤层厚度分别为12.4μm、8.2μm、5.8μm;并根据损伤层厚度提出了加工余量的匹配建议方案。损伤层的相关研究为超光滑加工中提高生产效率以及减少麻点产生几率的研究提供了参考。