Anomalous rolling of spheres down an inclined plane

A sphere in air will roll down a plane that is tilted away from the vertical. The only couple acting about the point of contact between the sphere and the plane is due to the component of the weight of the sphere along the plane, provided that air friction is negligible. If on the other hand the sphere is immersed in a liquid, hydrodynamic forces will enter into the couples that turn the sphere, and the rotation of the sphere can be anomalous, i.e., as if rolling up the plane while it falls. In this paper we shall show that anomalous rolling is a characteristic phenomenon that can be observed in every viscoelastic liquid tested so far. Anomalous rolling is normal for hydrodynamically levitated spheres, both in Newtonian and viscoelastic liquids. Normal and anomalous rolling are different names for dry and hydrodynamic rolling. Spheres dropped at a vertical wall in Newtonian liquids are forced into anomalous rotation and are pushed away from the wall while in viscoelastic liquids, they are forced into anomalous rotation, but are pushed toward the wall. If the wall is inclined and the fluid is Newtonian, the spheres will rotate normally for dry rolling, but the same spheres rotate anomalously in viscoelastic liquids when the angle of inclination from the vertical is less than some critical value. The hydrodynamic mechanisms underway in the settling of circular particles in a Newtonian fluid at a vertical wall are revealed by an exact numerical simulation based on a finite-element solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and Newton's equations of motion for a rigid body.     

Natural oscillations of a jet membrane under hydrostatic pressure

The natural oscillations of a submerged elastic jet membrane modeling an axisymmetric hydrodynamic direct-flow radiator are analyzed. The fundamental frequency is calculated as a function of the geometric and hydrodynamic characteristics of the jet. The principle possibility of adjusting the frequency by changing the elasticity of the fluid, which is a function of hydrostatic pressure, is demonstrated. Numerical and experimental data are compared.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 92–98, December 2004.     

Brownian dynamics simulations on CPU and GPU with BD_BOX

There has been growing interest in simulating biological processes under in vivo conditions due to recent advances in experimental techniques dedicated to study single particle behavior in crowded environments. We have developed a software package, BD_BOX, for multiscale Brownian dynamics simulations. BD_BOX can simulate either single molecules or multicomponent systems of diverse, interacting molecular species using flexible, coarse-grained bead models. BD_BOX is written in C and employs modern computer architectures and technologies; these include MPI for distributed-memory architectures, OpenMP for shared-memory platforms, NVIDIA CUDA framework for GPGPU, and SSE vectorization for CPU.     

爆炸焊接界面波的数值模拟

借助动力学分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA 11.0,运用光滑粒子流体动力学方法(SPH方法),建立以Johnson-Cook材料模型和Grüneisen状态方程为基础的热塑性流体力学模型,对同种钢板爆炸焊接界面波进行了数值模拟.结果表明,运用SPH方法可以得到清晰的爆炸焊接界面波形貌.与实验结果的比较表明:模拟误...     

表面凹槽对流体动压润滑油膜厚度的影响

利用自行研发的面接触光干涉油膜厚度测量系统,对表面凹槽滑块的流体动压润滑油膜厚度进行了试验测量,试验中以静止的微型凹槽滑块平面和旋转的光学透明圆盘平面构成润滑副,且两润滑平面始终保持平行;在固定的载荷(速度)条件下,对油膜厚度-速度(载荷)曲线进行测量.结果表明：凹槽的宽度,深度,方向和位置等因素对油膜厚度有着重要影响.同时采用经典Reynolds方程对油膜厚度进行了理论计算,结果表明理论值在某些条件下并不能解释试验结果.     

倾斜微孔端面气体密封的动压特性研究

为提高多孔端面气体密封的动压特性, 提出 １种双列倾斜椭圆微孔端面密封结构． 基于气体润滑理论模 型, 采用数值方法分析了操作参数和微孔几何参数对密封泄漏率和开启力的影响规律, 探讨了倾斜微孔的上、 下游 泵送作用对气体密封动压特性的作用机理． 结果表明： 与单列倾斜微孔端面气体密封相比, 双列倾斜微孔端面气体 密封可使动压开启力显著增加, 低压侧微孔环带可将下游流体沿微孔倾斜方向向上游泵送, 使得泄漏率显著降低, 气体密封动压效应明显增强; 密封动压性能受反向开孔比、 微孔倾角、 面积比和孔深等几何参数的影响, 本文给出了 这些参数的优化取值范围．     

一类一维的辐射流体力学方程组激波的存在性

该文主要讨论一维空间中一类辐射流体力学方程组的激波. 由Rankine-Hugoniot条件及熵条件得此问题可表述为关于辐射流体力学方程组带自由边界的初边值问题. 首先通过变量代换, 将其自由边界转换为固定边界, 然后研究关于此非线性方程组的一个初边值问题解的存在唯一性. 为此先构造了此问题的一个近似解, 然后分别通过Picard迭代与Newton迭代对此非线性问题构造近似解序列. 通过一系列估计与紧性理论得到此近似解序列的收敛性, 其极限即为原辐射热力学方程组的一个激波.     

高速列车轴承可靠性评估关键力学参量研究进展

轴承是高速列车牵引传动和轮轴系统的关键零部件. 受列车运行过程中电机转矩、齿轮啮合以及轮轨随机激励的影响,轴承可能发生疲劳破坏, 严重影响高速列车的行车安全.我国特有的复杂运用条件对轴承部件的疲劳性能提出了更高的要求,而轴承疲劳可靠性的基础理论和关键技术是我国轴承正向设计研发中的薄弱环节.可靠性评估方面的相关研究在解决轴承可靠性研究的瓶颈问题中起到了承上启下的关键作用.高速列车轴承可靠性评估手段与技术旨在获得使用环境中轴承可靠性评估的关键力学参量,并以此推动复杂激励下轴承疲劳可靠性理论研究. 因此,需要哪些关键力学参量并且在复杂的实际使用环境下如何去获取这些力学参量是进行高速列车轴承可靠性评估的关键所在.本文首先概述了高速列车轴承所处的复杂使用环境及运用中的主要失效模式,并据此分析了高速列车轴承可靠性评估所需的关键力学参量,强调了轴承内部滚滑行为和载荷分布在可靠性评估和轴承状态监测中的重要作用,之后从计算模型和测试技术等方面系统阐述了针对这两个关键力学参量的研究进展.最后提出了在高速列车轴承可靠性评估关键力学参量特征及测试技术研究中值得关注的若干问题.      

The stationary solution of a one-dimensional bipolar quantum hydrodynamic model

In this paper, we consider the existence and uniqueness of stationary solution to the bipolar quantum hydrodynamic model in one dimensional space with general non-constant doping profile. The existence of the stationary solution is proved by Leray-Schauder fixed-point theorem and a crucial truncation technique is used to derive the positive upper and lower bounds of the stationary solution. The uniqueness of the stationary solution is shown by a delicate energy estimate.     

External noise and its interaction with spatial degrees of freedom in nonlinear dissipative systems

A brief introduction to the field is given together with an overview of the lectures given at the workshop on External Noise and its Interaction with Spatial Degrees of Freedom in Nonlinear Dissipative Systems organized by the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos, March 28–31, 1988. It is hoped that the publication of papers presented at the workshop in a single issue of theJournal of Statistical Physics will help draw attention to the recent developments in this rapidly area of nonequilibrium phenomena.