A Geometrical Pore Model for Estimating the Microscopical Pore Geometry of Soil with Infiltration Measurements

This paper presents a simple geometrical pore model designed to relate characteristic pore radii of the porous network of soils with macroscopic infiltration parameters. The model composed of a stack of spherical hollow elements is described with two radii values: the pore access radius and the actual pore radius. The model was compared to cylindrical pore models and its mathematical consistency was assessed. Soil sorptivity S and the second parameter A of the Philip infiltration equation (1957), have been determined by numerically simulated infiltration. A diagram and an empirical relation have been set in order to relate the pore access and pore radii to the infiltration parameters S and A. The consistency of the model was validated by comparing the predicted sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity values, with the widely used unsaturated soil hydraulic functions (van Genuchten, 1980). The model showed good agreement with experimental infiltration data, and it is therefore concluded that the use of a model with two radii improves the relation between microscopic pore size and macroscopic infiltration parameters.     

液压舵机伺服系统的专家PID控制

为了更好地分析与优化液压舵机的控制性能,根据控制理论建立了液压舵机伺服系统的数学模型;针对采用常规控制方法液压舵机系统响应速度慢、抗干扰能力差等问题,在对专家经验进行总结并获取5条控制规则后,设计了专家PID控制器;在单位阶跃信号的作用下,运用Matlab/Simulink对该液压舵机系统进行仿真;仿真结果表明,与常规PID控制、P控制相比,专家PID控制使系统调节时间缩短了0.104 s,缩减幅度达71%,受到干扰后再次稳定的时间缩短了0.034 s,有效地提高了快速性和抗干扰性,获得了良好的控制效果。     

How to identify dislocations in molecular dynamics simulations?

Dislocations are of great importance in revealing the underlying mechanisms of deformed solid crystals.With the development of computational facilities and technologies,the observations of dislocations at atomic level through numerical simulations are permitted.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation suggests itself as a powerful tool for understanding and visualizing the creation of dislocations as well as the evolution of crystal defects.However,the numerical results from the large-scale MD simulations are not very illuminating by themselves and there exist various techniques for analyzing dislocations and the deformed crystal structures.Thus,it is a big challenge for the beginners in this community to choose a proper method to start their investigations.In this review,we summarized and discussed up to twelve existing structure characterization methods in MD simulations of deformed crystal solids.A comprehensive comparison was made between the advantages and disadvantages of these typical techniques.We also examined some of the recent advances in the dynamics of dislocations related to the hydraulic fracturing.It was found that the dislocation emission has a significant effect on the propagation and bifurcation of the crack tip in the hydraulic fracturing.     

基于灰色关联法的水平井压裂参数优化研究

针对低渗透薄互砂岩油藏A油田C9区块水平井井区储层物性差、非均质性强、开发难度大等问题,为改善水平井井区开发效果、提高水平井单井产能,应用灰色关联法,结合数值模拟软件,分析影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,开展水平井压裂参数优化研究,结果表明裂缝半长和裂缝间距是影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,优选出水平井压裂方案:裂缝半长为150m,裂缝间距为40m,裂缝导流能力为50μm~2·cm;裂缝与水平段夹角为90°.应用灰色关联分析法明确水平井压裂效果的主控因素,为低渗透薄互砂岩油藏现场水平井压裂施工提供了思路和借鉴,具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Transboundary extraction of groundwater in the presence of hydraulic fracturing

We studied transboundary groundwater management problems in the presence of hydraulic fracturing. We found that the presence of risk suggests there should be caution when considering hydraulic fracturing. Our results from the cooperative solution show a decrease in hydraulic fracturing and increase in the steady state survival rate of groundwater. We also provide a Pigouvian type tax that could be imposed on natural gas developers.     

大功率半导体激光器叠层无氧铜微通道热沉

建立了叠层无氧铜微通道热沉的散热模型,通过理论计算和近似分析,优化了微通道热沉的结构参数;在t=200μm, ωc=60μm, ωf=100μm,p=2. 02×106 Pa时,可获得最小热沉热阻Rthm =4. 205×10-3 K·cm2 /W。根据优化结果,考虑微通道取向对液压降的影响,设计了一种新型大功率半导体激光器叠阵用五层结构叠层无氧铜微通道热沉,并结合实际工艺制备了无氧铜微通道热沉。在实际工作中,优化结果往往要跟实际工艺相结合,如优化所得的水压降为 2 02×106 Pa,这在实际工艺中较难实现。但在热沉实际工作的水压降条件下,热阻为 4. 982×10-3 K·cm2 /W,它能满足高功率激光器叠阵的需要。     

Vibration Control of Vertical Turbine Pump by Optimization of Vane Pitch Tolerances of an Impeller Using Statistical Techniques

The objective of the study is to find the tolerance on vane pitch dimensions of a Vertical Turbine (VT) pump impeller. For this purpose, the study is divided into two parts viz. to find the critical hydraulic eccentricity of a VT pump impeller by way of numerical simulations and design of experiments to find the vane pitch tolerance using critical hydraulic eccentricity. The effect of impeller vane pitch deviations on hydraulic unbalance is examined for a vertical turbine pump using Design of Experiments (DOE). A suitable orthogonal matrix has been selected with vane pitch at different axial locations of an impeller as the control factors. Hydraulic eccentricity, which is the output of the DOE experiments is analyzed using S/N ratio, ANOM and regression analysis to find the significant control factor effecting the hydraulic unbalance and hence vibrations. The vane pitch deviation at outlet and inlet of impeller shroud geometry are found to be the most critical factor affecting the pump vibrations.     

织构化柱塞对压裂泵密封副的摩擦学性能影响

采用精密机械雕刻技术在压裂泵柱塞试样表面雕刻微凹坑阵列表面织构,利用MDW-100型微机控制立式万能摩擦磨损试验机对具有不同尺寸形状的微凹坑柱塞-丁晴橡胶密封试样进行摩擦磨损试验,研究了织构化柱塞试件与丁晴橡胶摩擦副在流体动压润滑条件下的润滑特性.结果表明:压裂泵柱塞试件表面合理织构组合可以显著地提高柱塞密封系统摩擦副的润滑和减摩性能,其中面积比为5.86%、均匀分布的圆柱形与条形混合凹坑织构是较优的,其摩擦副的摩擦系数、温升及磨损量相对于无织构试件分别降低了80%、90%及79.3%,且表面磨痕也显著低于无织构及其他织构组合的柱塞密封摩擦副.     

管道连接装配型ITER增强热负荷第一壁的热工水力分析

对管道连接装配型ITER增强热负荷第一壁(EHF FW)的标准手指对、边缘手指对及中心梁(CB)开展了热工水力分析.分析结果显示流速分布合理,低于1m·s-1或高于10m·s-1的区域非常小;手指对间的流量分配较合理;整个第一壁的压降为0.351MPa,小于0.4MPa的限定值;在8个循环周期内CB最高温度为409.2...     

粉土抗渗强度测定设备和方法研究

粉土是介于砂性土和黏性土之间的一种过渡类型土,工程性质既与砂性土不同又与黏性土有较大区别。针对目前还没有合适的室内实验仪器测试粉土临界水力比降和抗渗强度的现状,从试样极限平衡状态出发,对土体进行受力分析,研制了粉土抗渗强度测定设备,研究的实验方法解决了粉土饱和难问题。设计的变水头装置和透明接水容器,保证了粉土抗渗强度测定的可靠性和准确性。多个渗透容器并联成多套装置,可实现多个样本同时测定。对杭州钱塘江粉土的实验结果表明,粉土的临界水力比降与一般砂土有差异。原状样的抗渗强度比击实样高。铺设土工布抗渗层,将大大提高粉土的抗渗强度。研究结果可为粉土地基渗透破坏的防控提供参考。