硼的添加对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

Ti_0.26Zr_0.07V_0.24Mn_0.1Ni_0.33Bx(x=0~0.10)系列合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。添加B可提高Ti_0.26Zr_0.07V_0.24 Mn_0.1Ni_0.33合金的放电容量, Ti_0.26Zr_0.07V_0.24Mn_0.1Ni_0.33B0.1合金电极在60 mA·g^-1电流放电时的放电容量达到476.7 mAh·g^-1.B的添加不同程度地降低了合金的高倍率放电性能, 使合金电极表面上电化学反应的电荷转移电阻(R_ct)显着增加, 交换电流密度(I₀)显着降低。添加B可显着改善Ti_0.26Zr_0.07V_0.24Mn_0.1Ni_0.33合金电极的高温放电性能, Ti_0.26Zr_0.07V_0.24Mn_0.1Ni_0.33B_0.025合金电极在343 K高温下其放电容量达到525.6 mAh·g^-1.     

液压四足机器人的实时分散解耦控制

针对液压驱动四足机器人单腿协调性难以保证的问题,开发了一种实时分散解耦控制系统：基于PC-Based控制系统架构,在RTX环境下模块化了实时控制子任务,并对多任务的处理进行了实时调度,搭建出了机器人的实时分散控制系统框架;针对单腿系统设计了基于PID神经元网络的广义解耦控制算法,并将其嵌入到整体程序框架中,实现了多腿联动的分散解耦控制。物理样机实验表明开发的控制系统能够满足分散解耦控制算法的实时性要求,提高了四足机器人运动的协调性,进而保证其连续稳定地行走,具有一定的独创性与实用价值。     

Effect of Experimental Variables on the Combustion Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Fuels

Water-in-diesel (W/D) emulsion fuels were prepared through an ultrasonic processor by using high energy emulsification method. Accordingly, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed. A decrease in viscosity was found in the emulsion fuel in contrast to the neat diesel which signifies the enhanced fluidity of the fuel. The emulsion fuel was then used to carry combustion tests in an internal combustion engine. A decrease in exhaust temperature was observed when a high surfactant to water ratio was used, which lead to minimal heat loss. As water is emulsified with diesel, effectiveness of combustion is improved rather than neat diesel fuel. It was also explored that the addition of water-in-diesel is influential in terms of reduction in exhaust gas emission such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia from the internal combustion engine. Therefore, this type of emulsion fuel would be a useful contribution in the fuel economy, but also in making it environmentally friendly since diesel fuel is now considered one of the leading fuels causing ecological contamination.     

增压O_2/CO_2气氛下煤燃烧特性实验研究

增压O2/CO2燃烧是一种可高效分离回收CO2的新兴燃烧技术,其燃烧机理与常压空气、常压O2/CO2燃烧存在较大差异。在加压热重分析仪上研究了增压条件下总压、氧浓度、气氛及粒径等反应参数对美国烟煤和淮北无烟煤燃烧特性的影响,确定了煤的着火温度,并对其进行燃烧动力学分析。结果表明,增压O2/CO2气氛下,随着压力或氧浓度的增加,DTG曲线向低温区移动,煤样整体燃烧速率加快。压力提升、氧浓度增加及煤粉细化均可改善O2/CO2气氛下煤样的着火特性。常压O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧基本属于一级反应;增压O2/CO2气氛下,低温区属于0.5级反应,而高温区属于1.5级反应。     

The Enrichment of Stale Tailings of Bom-gorhon Tungsten Ore Deposits

The results of mineralogical studies of technogenic tungsten raw material (stale tailings of Bom-Gorhon deposit) are represented. Its particle size distribution as well as tungsten and accompanying element distribution among the fractions were determined. The necessity of grinding the heaps down to 0.2-0.25 mm in size was established. It allows increasing the recovery rate of two or more times in comparison with the traditional pattern of tailing processing.     

石墨烯玻璃透明薄膜加热特性

Graphene has become a research focus in recent years owing to its excellent characteristics, and glass is a commonly used material with high transparency and low cost. Graphene glass combines the excellent properties of both graphene and glass; graphene glass has not only high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and good surface hydrophobicity but also exhibits superior electrothermal conversion and wide-spectrum high-light-transmittance characteristics. Therefore, the study of graphene glass films is of theoretical value and practical significance. In this study, a high-purity glass-based (JGS1 quartz glass) multilayer graphene film was developed based on an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method, and its electrical characteristics, light transmittance, and electrical heating characteristics were experimentally investigated in detail. The results show that graphene glass with different surface resistance values obtained through direct growth on a high-purity quartz glass substrate using the APCVD method, not only has excellent uniformity and quality, but also has considerably flat and high transmittance across the entire visible light region and exhibits excellent heating performance and fast response time. For graphene glass with a surface resistance of 1500 Ω·sq^-1, the light transmittance can reach 74%, and the saturation temperature can rise to 185 ℃ by applying a bias voltage of 40 V. In addition, when the resistance value of the graphene glass is 420 Ω·sq^-1, the graphene glass reaches a high saturation temperature of 325 ℃ in 40 s, and the corresponding heating rate can exceed 18 ℃·s^-1, achieving a significantly higher heating rate than other heating films at the same voltage. Compared with the polyethylene-terephthalate- (PET-) based and silicon-based graphene films obtained by the transfer, graphene glass has a higher saturation temperature, shorter thermal response time, and faster heating rate. Furthermore, graphene glass exhibits better heating cycle stability and longer-term heating stability at a constant voltage. In addition, an experiment using the graphene glass to thermally tune the wavelength of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was conducted and gave good results. The position of the laser peak controlled by the graphene glass was red-shifted by 1.78 nm by applying a voltage of 20 V, and the wavelength tuning efficiency reached 0.059 nm·℃^-1. Compared with PET-based and silicon-based graphene films, the actual electrical heating capacity of graphene glass increased by 195%. These experimental findings demonstrate that graphene glass transparent films with excellent electric heating characteristics can be used in various transparent electric heating fields and have relatively wide application prospects.     

碳点的性质及其在生物传感器领域的应用

碳点(carbon dots,CDs)作为一种具有优良生物相容性、低毒性和表面功能可调的新型碳基纳米材料,在生物传感领域具有极大的应用潜力.本文对碳点的生物效应、发光性质及其发光机理进行了简述,并根据传感机制的不同,将CDs在生物传感领域的应用分为荧光(fluorescence,FL)传感器、电致发光(electrochemiluminescence,ECL)传感器以及化学发光(chemiluminescence,CL)传感器三类进行综述.最后分析了CDs目前在生物传感器领域应用中存在的问题,并对其发展进行了展望.     

Binding Characteristics Study of DNA based Aptamers for E. coli O157:H7

E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic bacterium producing verotoxins that could lead to serious complications such as hemolytic uremia syndrome. Fast detection of such pathogens is important. For rapid detection, aptamers are quickly gaining traction as alternative biorecognition molecules besides conventional antibodies. Several DNA aptamers have been selected for E. coli O157:H7. Nonetheless, there has not been a comparative study of the binding characteristics of these aptamers. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of binding characteristics including binding affinity (K_d) and binding capacity (B_max) of DNA-based aptamers for E. coli O157:H7 using qPCR. Our results show that aptamer E18R has the highest binding capacity to E. coli 157:H7 and the highest specificity over non-pathogenic E. coli strains K12 and DH5α. Our study also finds that the common biotin-tag modification at 5′ end typically changes the binding capacity significantly. For most of the selected aptamers, the binding capacity after a biotin-tag modification decreases. There exists a discrepancy in the binding capability between the selected aptamer and the aptamer used for detection. Our study also shows that a lower concentration of Mg²⁺ ions in the binding buffer leads to a decrease in the binding capacity of E17F and E18R, while it does not affect the binding capacity of S1 and EcoR1.     

Evaluation of Physiological Characteristics,Soluble Sugars,Organic Acids and Volatile Compounds in ‘Orin’ Apples (Malus domestica) at Different Ripening Stages

‘Orin’ is a popular apple cultivar, which has a yellow-green appearance, pleasant taste, and unique aroma. However, few studies on the fruit quality characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples have been reported before. In this study, changes of the physiological characteristics were measured at different ripening stages, and the soluble sugars and organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Volatile compounds were identified using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). During the fruit ripening, the ‘Orin’ apple fruit weight, size, and total soluble solid were gradually increased by contrast with the titratable acidity, and the firmness decreased. The content of four soluble sugars reached the maximum at the 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) stage. Malic acid was measured as the most abundant organic acid in ‘Orin’ apples. Ethyl butyrate, hexyl propanoate, hexyl acetate and butyl acetate belonging to esters with high odor activity values (OAVs) could be responsible for the typical aroma of ‘Orin’ apples. The aim of this work was to provide information on the flavor characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples and promote this apple cultivar for marketing and processing in the future.     

地面目标雷达与红外特性数据库构建

为了对地面目标雷达与红外特性测试的各类数据进行统一规范化管理,使其高效应用,分析各类数据的特性及其处理方式,构建了目标特性数据库管理系统;数据库的整体设计中,在数据头和数据文件方案基础上增加了自动跟随数据表编号的路径生成方法,结合了接口式的运作结构,模块化的数据库功能和层次化的数据表结构设计思路;数据库的编制基于Access数据库管理软件和VC++编程软件,通过ADO数据库访问技术加以实现,详细描述了ADO接口的编程步骤,并对本接口不同指针的入库频率和提取效率进行了对比择优;在运行中,提出了主、副数据库移植性管理方法;工作实践验证了目标特性数据库管理系统的可靠性和高效性,为地面目标特性的测试与分析提供了良好的数据支撑。