Nanostructured pure gamma-Fe2O3 via forced precipitation in an organic solvent

Pure maghemite, gamma-Fe(2)O(3), was prepared as ultra fine particles in the nanometer-sized range via the forced precipitation method in an organic solvent. The precipitation of iron(III) ions, from iron(III) chloride in 2-propanol led selectively to highly dispersed particles of ferrihydrite, which upon treatment with temperatures higher than 200 degrees C under dynamic vacuum resulted in high-surface-area particles of gamma-Fe(2)O(3). Precipitation in water also led to ferrihydrite, but the final product, after heating at 300 degrees C, contained a mixture of gamma-Fe(2)O(3) and alpha-Fe(2)O(3) (hematite). The precipitation from iron(III) nitrate in water resulted in goethite which was converted to hematite upon heating. On the other hand, the final product in 2-propanol was a mixture of maghemite and hematite. The products were characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and gas sorption analysis. Nitrogen gas adsorption studies for the pure gamma-Fe(2)O(3) samples revealed mesoporous particles with high surface areas in the range of 70-120 m(2) g(-1) after heat treatment at 300 degrees C. The gamma-Fe(2)O(3) particles retained their gamma-phase as well as their mesoporous structure at relatively high temperatures, as high as 400 degrees C.     

Normal coordinate treatment of actinide(IV)-hexabromides

Molecular force field studies of hexabromo-thorates(IV) and-uranates(IV) have been carried out using four different force field models. Weighted least square adjustment has been used to fit the observed frequencies. Mean amplitudes of vibration have also been calculated at 0°K and 298°K. The trends of force constants and mean amplitudes have also been discussed.

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Normal-Koordinaten Berechnungen an Actiniden(IV)-hexabromiden

Zusammenfassung Es wurden für die Rechnungen an Hexabromo-thoraten(IV) und-uranaten(IV) vier verschiedene Modelle herangezogen. Die beobachteten Frequenzen wurden mittels gewichteter Kleinster-Fehlerquadrat-Methode angepaßt. Die Trends bei den Kraftkonstanten und den mittleren Amplituden der einzelnen Verbindungen werden diskutiert.

     

Partial molal volumes of ions in organic solvents from ultrasonic vibration potential and density measurements. III. Dimethylsulfoxide

The partial molal volumes of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, and NO ₃ ^- in DMSO at 25°C have been determined from ultrasonic vibration potential data and density data for solutions of uni-univalent electrolytes. Hepler's semiemprirical equation has been used to split ionic partial molal volumes into geometric and electrostrictive contributions. The results obtained in this work confirm the conclusion of our previous studies, namely, that the contribution of electrostriction is essentially determined by the properties of that layer of atoms, 0.3 to 0.4 nm thick, in contact with the ion and by the degree of steric hindrance of the poles of the dipole of the solvent molecule. On the other hand, the geometric contribution depends on the size of the solvent molecule and also on the arrangement of the solvent molecules about the ions. It is shown that the geometric contribution to the partial molal volume of ions is largely increased when ions cannot come close enough to the poles of the solvent-molecule dipole, owing to steric hindrance.     

Internal dynamics of the LaI3 molecule. II. Thermal average structure of the molecule and mean square vibration amplitudes

The structural parameters of the effective r _g configuration of the LaI₃ molecule were calculated using the DFT/B3LYP method. The difference between the calculated values of r _e (La-I) and r _g (La-I) is mostly due to the anharmonicity of the ν₁ and ν₂ vibrations and does not exceed the error in determining the distance r _g (La-I) in the electron diffraction experiment. Inclusion of the anharmonicity of the ν₂ and ν₄ deformation vibrations in calculations leads to decreased amplitudes l(I…I) and shrinking effect δ(I…I) compared to the respective values obtained in the harmonic approximation. The LaI₃ molecule proved to be more rigid than predicted by B3LYP calculations.     

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF LATTICE SANDWICH BEAMS UNDER SEVERAL TYPICAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Free vibration problems of lattice sandwich beams under several typical boundary conditions are investigated in the present paper. The lattice sandwich beam is transformed to an equivalent homogeneous three-layered sandwich beam. Unlike the traditional analytical model in which the rotation angles of the face sheets and the core are assumed the same, different rotation angles are considered in this paper to characterize the real response of sandwich beams. The analytical solutions of the natural frequencies for several typical boundary conditions are obtained. The effects of material properties and geometric parameters on the natural frequencies are also investigated.     

Calculation of the vibration–rotational transition intensities of water molecules trapped in an argon matrix: stretching O–H vibrations spectral region

The frequencies and intensities of vibration–rotational transitions of water molecules in an argon matrix were calculated for temperatures of 6 and 30 K. The rigid asymmetric top approximation was used with available literature values of the effective rotational constants in the ground and excited vibrational states. The calculations were carried out by taking into account the existence of a non-equilibrium population distribution between the rotational levels of ortho- and para-water isomers. It was assumed that the temperature relaxation of the population of rotational levels is independent of the ortho- and para-isomers. Comparison of the results of the theoretical calculations with experimental literature data shows good agreement for the majority of the rotational structure lines for symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations both in the frequency values and in the values of the relative intensities.     

Vibration of strings with nonlinear supports

The dynamic string motion, which displacement is unilaterally constrained by the rigid termination condition of an arbitrary geometry has been simulated and analyzed. The treble strings of a grand piano usually terminate at a capo bar, which is situated above the strings. The apex of a V-shaped section of the capo bar defines the end of the speaking length of the strings. A numerical calculation based on the traveling wave solution is proposed for modeling the nonlinearity inducing interactions between the vibrating string and the contact condition at the point of string termination. It was shown that the lossless string vibrates in two distinct vibration regimes. In the beginning the string starts to interact in a nonlinear fashion with the rigid terminator, and the resulting string motion is aperiodic. Consequently, the spectrum of the string motion depends on the amplitude of string vibrations, and its spectral structure changes continuously with the passage of time. The duration of that vibration regime depends on the geometry of the terminator. After some time of aperiodic vibration, the string vibrations settle in a periodic regime where the resulting spectrum remains constant.     

Self-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Prepared by Low Frequency Vibration-Assisted Injection Molding. II: Microstructure Investigation

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were employed to study the microstructure of self-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) prepared by conventional injection molding (CIM) and a low frequency vibration-assisted injection molding (VAIM). SEM micrographs following permanganic etching showed the self-reinforcement of HDPE is mainly due to the existence of shish-kebab morphology within the core region for VAIM-processed HDPE samples. Pronounced molecular alignment was identified by the WAXD data. An approximate 9% increase in the crystallinity was confirmed by DSC. Both preferred molecular orientation and increased crystallinity serve to yield stronger VAIM-processed injection moldings.     

高速铁路连续梁桥的共振响应与振动控制研究

以液体粘滞阻尼器为振动控制外部装置，主桥采用欧拉伯努利梁，通过中国和谐号动车组CRH380AL、日本新干线Shinkansen700和欧洲高速列车HSLMA8三种不同类型的高速列车对比，模拟分析了高速列车作用下桥梁结构共振响应的影响因素，以及粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数与安装位置对桥梁结构振动响应的减振效果。研究结果表明，（1）合理有效地布置列车荷载轴距，可使桥梁结构发生基频共振的列车时速在运营时速之外，避免了桥梁结构发生较大振动峰值响应，即桥梁结构的基频共振；（2）随着粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的增大，桥梁的加速度峰值在列车不同时速下均在减少，对桥梁振动有着不同程度的减振效果；（3）通过合理安置液体粘滞阻尼器，可有效降低高速列车作用下桥梁结构的共振响应；（4）随着粘滞阻尼器与主梁的连接点位置逐渐远离支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果逐渐明显；（5）随着粘滞阻尼器与桥台的连接点位置逐渐靠近支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果略有提升，但不明显。     

管道超结构轴向带隙特性分析及实验研究

本文提出一种新型管道超结构元胞构型，其轴向振动带隙包括局域共振型和布拉格(Bragg)散射型两种带隙，该结构在2 500 Hz内共有两阶带隙，且第二阶带隙频率范围较宽。分别应用传递矩阵法和有限元法计算了该结构的能带结构分布及有限周期结构传输特性；搭建了包含4个元胞的管道超结构实验平台进行振动测试，并与计算结果进行对比验证；最后讨论了不同参数对其带隙分布的影响规律。结果表明，所研究管道超结构在2 500 Hz内共有两阶带隙，第一阶带隙主要为局域共振型带隙，凸台和振子的几何尺寸对其影响较大，元胞尺寸对其影响较小。第二阶带隙主要为布拉格散射型带隙，带隙宽度可达923 Hz,该带隙分布随元胞长度、凸台长度和振子厚度改变而改变。合理设计结构各部分几何尺寸，可满足工程中特定频段抑振的需求。