DSC combined with chemiluminescence for studying polymer oxidation

The oxidation of (Ti,W)C ceramics have been studied as a part of the program to investigate of properties of powder materials. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and differential thermal analysis DSC have been used in the non-isothermal study of powder oxidation (Ti,W)C in dry air atmosphere. The powder of crystalline carbide cermets with a ratio of W:Ti equals 0.3 was used in this study. The diagrams were recorded on a sample mass 3.42 mg on the Setaram apparatus in temperatures ranging from 25 to 1000°C. Seven different heating rates were used. The analytical techniques SEM, WDX, EDX and XRD were used in the research. The kinetics of the oxidation process was followed by the integral method by applying the Coats-Redfern's approximation. The kinetic models of particular stages of (Ti,W)C oxidation were evaluated from the dynamic mass losses data. The values of apparent activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A of each stage of the oxidation were calculated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

聚碳硅烷／纳米镍粉的热裂解

聚碳硅烷／纳米镍粉的热裂解王军＊宋永才冯春祥（国防科学技术大学材料工程与应用化学系长沙４１００７３）关键词聚碳硅烷，纳米材料，镍，热解，碳化硅纤维１９９６－０９－１７收稿，１９９６－１２－１３修回国家攻关计划和“８６３”高技术资助项目聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ...     

制备高比表面积碳化硅的几种影响因素

采用溶胶凝胶法，以蔗糖和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料，草酸为TEOS水解的催化剂，制备均相碳化硅前驱体，在氩气氛和高温条件下(1 350～1 600 ℃)将碳化硅先驱体进行碳热还原，制备出高比表面积的SiC。考察了水/TEOS物质的量的比、碳/硅物质的量的比及镍盐等因素对碳化硅比表面积的影响。结果表明，当n_water/n_TEOS=7.5，n_C/n_Si=4时，适宜的镍催化剂(n_Ni/n_TEOS=0.005)，凝胶形成的时间最短，镍盐的加入可使碳热还原温度降低200 ℃。     

低温加氢催化剂的设计: 理论与实践

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果. 首先, 我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应, 证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性, 包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算, 多晶表面的合成与表征, 负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等. 其次, 总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应, 如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢, 苯的低温加氢, 以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用. 最后, 讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.     

低温加氢催化剂的设计: 理论与实践

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果. 首先, 我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应, 证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性, 包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算, 多晶表面的合成与表征, 负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等. 其次, 总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应, 如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢, 苯的低温加氢, 以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用. 最后, 讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.     

正庚烷在β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂上的异构化研究

利用程序升温还原法制备了β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂。XRD表征显示，利用正戊烷作为碳源得到了对异构化具有活性的βMo2C。以正庚烷为模型反应物，在连续流动固定床反应装置上考察了温度、压力、空速和氢烃比对βMo2C/β沸石催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。获得了β沸石负载碳化钼催化剂上正庚烷异构化的最佳反应条件温度270℃～275℃，压力1.0MPa～1.5MPa，体积空速1.0h－1，氢烃体积比200∶1。在最佳条件下反应物转化率为82%，选择性和异构产物收率分别达到71%和58%。     

Highly tilted antiferroelectric (R) enantiomers useful for the formulation of eutectic mixtures

ABSTRACT

Novel chiral three-ring (R) enantiomers were synthesised using optically active (R)-(?)-2-octanol. Properties, such as the sequence of phases, the transition temperatures and enthalpies, were tested by a polarising optical microscope and differential scanning calorimeter. An antiferroelectric smectic phase (SmC_A*) with a direct transition from the antiferroelectric to the isotropic phase (SmC_A*-Iso) was observed for three esters with an achiral C₃F₇CH₂O(CH₂)₃O– terminal chain. Bi- and multicomponent mixtures with a broad temperature range of the antiferroelectric phase and good electro-optical properties were formulated. Helical pitch of pure esters and mixtures was measured by spectrophotometry method.     

低温加氢催化剂的设计: 理论与实践

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果. 首先, 我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应, 证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性, 包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算, 多晶表面的合成与表征, 负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等. 其次, 总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应, 如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢, 苯的低温加氢, 以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用. 最后, 讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.     

Structural materials: metal-silicon-Boron. The Nb-rich corner of the Nb-Si-B system

Phase equilibria in the Nb-Nb₅Si₃-NbB region were studied in the melting (crystallization) range by means of light microscopy, XRD, SEM and EMPA on alloys after arc-melting and annealing at 1800°C and at subsolidus temperatures. Phase transition and melting temperatures were determined by DTA and pyrometric Pirani-Alterthum technique resulting in a solidus projection and two isopleths, Nb₇₇Si₂₃-Nb₇₇B₂₃ and Nb₉₉Si₁-Nb₅Si₂B. The T₂-phase Nb₅Si_3−xB_x (0?x?2, Cr₅B₃-type) was found to form equilibria with (Nb), NbB, Nb₃Si, and with the T₁-phase (Mn₅Si₃ derivative type). The T₂-phase melts incongruently (Nb₅Si_1.8B_1.2 at 2245°C) and forms a quasibinary eutectic with the niobium solid solution on a minimum tie-line at ∼1880°C.     

Diagramme de phases du systeme binaire LiNO3-NaNO3

Phase diagram of the binary system LiNO₃-NaNO₃ has been obtained by using direct and differential thermal analysis between 323 and 623 K. This system is characterized by an eutectic plateau at 467 K. The eutectic point is at 0.465 mole NaNO₃. A peritectic appears at 550 K. There is no miscibility in the solid state. These findings associated with some other thermodynamic results have been used to calculate the activities of the constituents along the liquids curve and the excess thermodynamic functions at 618 K. The constituents seem not to have a symmetrical influence on the thermodynamic quantities.