全文获取类型
收费全文 | 473篇 |
免费 | 60篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 171篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 92篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
数学 | 15篇 |
物理学 | 266篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有549条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
71.
Preparation of polypropylene (PP)/waste tyre dust (WTD) blends with addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and N,N′-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) (PP/WTDP-HVA2) was described. The blends were characterized based on their tensile properties, swelling resistance and morphology, as well as thermal properties. The results reveal that the presence of both chemicals in PP/WTDP-HVA2 blends brought about noticeable improvements in tensile properties, swelling resistance and interfacial adhesion. The thermal stability was also improved, indicating existence of some chemical interaction between WTD and the PP matrix in the presence of both DCP and HVA-2 during processing. The results imply that both chemicals had great influences on WTD destabilization, leading to the enlargement and intensification of the copolymer formation and, hence, improved the interfacial adhesion between WTD and the PP matrix. A competing reaction mechanism that may contribute to the property enhancement of PP/WTDP-HVA2 blends was proposed. 相似文献
72.
A detailed statistical examination of replicated data used to certify platinum-group elements (PGEs) in environmental reference material BCR-723 is presented. Certification of Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations in BCR-723 was based on 16, eight, and nine accepted data sets, respectively. Each accepted data set contained six replicated measurements for each PGE, and the statistical properties of these concentration data were examined, i.e. 96 for Pt, 48 for Pd, and 54 for Rh. This level of investigation has received limited attention but is critical in furthering our understanding of PGE variability and representativeness. Concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh were shown to differ significantly between accepted data sets. Palladium and Pt differed in their quantification between detection techniques. Additionally, Pd and Pt concentrations varied significantly between laboratories using a similar definitive method (inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution mass spectrometry). The distribution of Pd concentrations was found to be bimodal, with a secondary population exhibiting a contamination signal of about 15%. The secondary population, not previously reported in BCR-723, is likely a measurement artifact and not due to a nugget effect. Comparisons of BCR-723 with other environmental media from Europe, i.e. airborne particulate matter, tunnel dust, and road-deposited sediment, indicated that Pd is uncommonly low in BCR-723 (6.0?ng?g?1) and is generally not representative in terms of its distribution relative to Pt and Rh. Serious consideration should be given to developing a new PGE certified environmental reference material. 相似文献
73.
Jiří Pryček Miroslav Ciganek Zdeněk Šimek 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(5):313-324
An analytical method based upon the pressurised solvent extraction and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for analysis of nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in roadside dust has been developed. Five nitro-PAHs (1-nitronaphthalene, 1-nitropyrene, 9-nitroanthracene, 2-nitrofluorene, 6-nitrochrysene) were chosen for this study because of their variable physical properties and effect on human health. Experiments with spiked inert matrix were used for the best extraction conditions finding. Different extraction conditions (temperature, pressure, solvents and duration of extraction cycle) were examined. The highest recoveries were observed at the extraction pressure of 14?MPa, temperature of 100°C and two cycles of 5?min extraction time, when dichloromethane was used as an extraction solvent. These conditions were applied to the extraction of nitro-PAHs from roadside dust. After extraction the nitro-PAHs fraction was isolated by the silica gel column chromatography. The GC-MS detector was used for analyses of the extracts. Recoveries of nitro-PAHs after extraction from roadside dust ranged from 60% for 9-nitroanthracene to 108% for 6-nitrochrysene. 相似文献
74.
Erdal Kendüzler 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(11):843-853
A new and simple column-solid-phase extraction method has been developed to separate and preconcentrate trace cobalt in water and soil prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Different factors such as pH of sample solution, sample volume, amount of resin, flow rate of aqueous solution, volume and concentration of eluent, and matrix effects for preconcentration were optimized. Under optimized experimentally established conditions, an analytical detection limit of 0.44?µg?L?1, precision (RSD) of 1.9%, enrichment factor of 200, and capacity of resin of 82?mg?g?1 were obtained. The method was applied for cobalt determination by FAAS in tap water, natural drinking water, soil, and roadside dust samples. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analysing standard reference material (Montana Soil, SRM 2711). 相似文献
75.
《中国化学快报》2020,31(10):2712-2716
The heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on mineral dust surfaces is generally considered as an important chemical pathway for secondary sulfate formation in the troposphere. To this day, there are no reported studies that assess the impact of atmospheric CO2 in sulfate production on mineral dust surfaces. In this work, we investigate the impact of CO2 on SO2 uptake on dust proxy aluminum oxide particles using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). CO2 is demonstrated to suppress the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on alpha-Al2O3. Compared to that measured in the CO2-free case, the uptake coefficient is decreased by nearly 57% when Al2O3 particles are exposed to the gas flow with atmospheric CO2 at a relative humidity (RH) of 25%. It is also found that there is a balance between the yield of active moiety −OH provided by Al(OH)3(CO)(OH)2 clusters and the loss of basic hydroxyl group on aluminum oxide surfaces blocked by CO2-derived (bi)carbonate species. This work, for the first time, reveals a negative effect of atmospheric CO2 on the sulfate formation, which potentially decreases solar-radiation scattering and further exacerbates global warming. 相似文献
76.
炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了寻求优化的炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘方案,在使用400目金属滤网对间歇式粉煤固体热载体热解装置挥发分除尘研究的基础上,将颗粒床过滤器用于该过程的除尘研究。热态除尘实验表明,颗粒床的使用有效地降低了滤网的过滤负荷。选用2mm石英砂和φ5mm×2mm瓷环作为滤料,通过对比实验发现,两种滤料除尘效率均在90%以上;随着过滤操作的进行,由于颗粒床内粉尘的沉积使其过滤效率有所提高,而对气、液收率的影响很小。结果表明,颗粒床与滤网结合可作为粉煤炉前低温干馏工艺中可供选择的挥发分除尘方案。 相似文献
77.
为了解决锂电池负极表面锂枝晶生长带来的性能衰退和安全问题。 以沸石咪唑酯骨架-8(ZIF-8)为前驱体制得介孔碳材料(MCM),用于金属锂负极表面改性。 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱表明,退火制得的MCM具有一定的石墨化程度,N2气吸脱附测试(BET)证明MCM具有典型的介孔特征。 对比不同温度退火样品的XRD、拉曼光谱和BET测试结果,确定900 ℃为最佳退火温度。 优化的MCM作为表面改性剂对金属锂负极进行改性研究。 电池充放电循环后,负极样品的XRD和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试表明,MCM能够通过均衡锂负极表面的电荷分布抑制金属锂的取向沉积和锂枝晶的生长。 本研究为制备抑制锂电池负极枝晶生长表面改性剂提供了一种简便而有效的合成方法,有利于锂电池循环寿命的延长和安全性能的提高。 相似文献
78.
程雁 《广东微量元素科学》2011,18(12):50-56
通过网格采样法,采集了金华市一环线以内地区的20个城市灰尘样品,然后利用原子吸收分光光度计测定了城市灰尘重金属Zn、Cu、Cr和Pb在不同pH的模拟酸雨溶液浸提下的析出值,并采用地积累指数法对各重金属有效性的状况做出了评价。结果表明,研究区域内,城市灰尘重金属Zn、Vu、Cr和Pb在酸雨背景下的析出值分别处于清洁水平、轻污染水平、中等污染水平和偏中等污染水平,该区城市灰尘有效Cr和有效Pb的污染程度较高,值得关注与采取措施进行预防与整治。 相似文献
79.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from ambient air particulate matter (PM) were analyzed by a new method that utilized direct immersion (DI) and cold fiber (CF) SPME-GC/MS. Experimental design was used to optimize the conditions of extraction by DI-CF-SPME with a 100μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. The optimal conditions included a 5min equilibration at 70°C time in an ultrasonic bath with an extraction time of 60min. The optimized method was validated by the analysis of a NIST standard reference material (SRM), 1649b urban dust. The results obtained were in good agreement with certified values. PAH recoveries for reference materials were between 88 and 98%, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 5 to 17%. Detection limits (LOD) varied from 0.02 to 1.16ng and the quantification limits (LOQ) varied from 0.05 to 3.86ng. The optimized and validated method was applied to the determination of PAH from real particulate matter (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TPS) samples collected on quartz fiber filters with high volume samplers. 相似文献
80.
在常压固定床反应器中,考察1.0%NiO/0.1%MgO-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性和原位再生性能,并在进料中引入粉尘以模拟真实的煤与生物质热解气化的含尘环境。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,催化剂的活性提高,寿命缩短。该催化剂在循环再生实验中表现出良好的耐久性,再生温度为800℃时水热失活现象显著,优选的再生温度为600~700℃,再生时间20 min。随着再生剂中水蒸气比例的增加,催化剂的比表面积和孔结构逐渐发生变化。EPMA和XRD表征结果表明,引入粉尘后并未改变催化剂的组成,引入MgO后会形成(Mg0.4Al0.6)Al1.8O4晶相。SiO2具有促进积炭产生的作用,MgO则对积炭的产生具有一定的阻滞作用。适当降低空速可减弱SiO2等惰性粉尘对催化剂活性的负面作用。 相似文献