水滴撞击结冰过程的分子动力学模拟

利用三维分子动力学模拟方法,研究了纳米尺度水滴撞击冷壁面的结冰过程.数值模拟中,统计系统采用微正则系综,势能函数选用TIP4P/ice模型,温度校正使用速度定标法,牛顿运动方程的求解采用文莱特算法,水滴内部结冰过程则通过统计垂直方向水分子温度分布来判定.研究发现,当冷壁面温度降低时,水滴完全结冰的时间减小,但水滴降至壁面温度的时间却增大;同时随着壁面亲水性降低,水滴内部热传递速度减慢(尤其是冷壁面与水滴底端分子层间),水滴内部温度趋于均匀,但水滴完全结冰时间延长.     

圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度数量密度分布相关性研究

压力旋流喷嘴被广泛应用于航空发动机、船用发动机、车用汽油缸内直喷发动机、燃气轮机等动力机械的燃油喷射系统中.以压力旋流喷嘴射流为研究对象,开展了圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度数量密度分布相关性问题研究.对于液体射流,以往的研究往往对破碎液滴粒径数量密度分布或速度数量密度分布进行单独研究,对于这两种数量密度分布之间关系的研究较少;从相关性的角度对圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度数量密度分布之间的关系进行研究.采用最大熵原理方法建立了圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度联合概率密度函数.对圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度联合概率密度函数进行了讨论,对圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径数量密度分布与速度数量密度分布的相关性问题进行了研究.研究结果表明,为了给出正确的圆环旋转黏性液体射流破碎液滴粒径与速度联合概率密度函数,射流守恒约束条件中必须同时包括质量守恒定律、动量守恒定律以及能量守恒定律;破碎液滴粒径的数量密度分布与速度数量密度分布密切相关;射流旋转强度对破碎液滴粒径数量密度与速度数量密度分布结构影响不大,对破碎液滴粒径数量密度和速度数量密度的分布区域影响较大.      

液滴在激波冲击下的破裂过程

对液滴在入射激波作用下的变形破碎过程进行了实验研究和数值模拟,得知数值模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合,以及在什么情况下两者出现分歧。结果显示,液滴在激波的作用下要经历从压缩变形、RM不稳定性变形、细小液雾剥离到全部雾化破碎等过程。结果还表明,不同液滴直径、入射激波马赫数和液滴介质等参数下的液滴变形破碎的发展趋势是一致的,而其发展速度明显则不同。其中Weber数的增加加速了液滴的破碎,而Ohnesorge数和黏性的增加则抑制了液滴的破碎。     

液滴撞击超疏水壁面反弹及破碎行为研究

液滴撞击壁面时,壁面亲水性对液滴撞击壁面后的变化历程具有重要的影响。利用相界面追踪的复合Level Set-VOF方法对液滴撞击超疏水壁面的运动进行了研究。研究结果表明,撞击速度较小时,液滴撞壁后发生反弹;撞击速度较大时,液滴撞壁后会发生破碎现象;初始粒径的增大和表面张力的减小,有利于液滴撞壁后产生铺展破碎现象;撞击角度对撞壁后的液滴行为具有较大的影响。通过数值模拟,给出了一定条件下液滴垂直及倾斜撞击超疏水壁面反弹及破碎的临界条件。     

Hydrodynamics of passing-over motion during binary droplet collision in shear flow

A combined experimental and numerical study is undertaken to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of single-phase droplet collision in a shear flow. The passing-over motion of interactive droplets is observed, and the underlying hydrodynamic mechanisms are elucidated by the analysis of the motion trajectory, transient droplet deformation and detailed hydrodynamic information (e.g., pressure and flow fields). The results indicate that the hydrodynamic interaction process under shear could be divided into three stages: approaching, colliding, and separating. With the increasing confinement, the interaction time for the passing-over process is shorter and the droplet processes one higher curvature tip and more stretched profile. Furthermore, the lateral separation Δy/R₁ exhibits larger decrease in the approaching stage and the thickness of the lubrication film is decreased during the interaction. As the initial lateral separation increases, the maximum trajectory shift by the collision interaction is getting smaller. During the collision between two droplets with different sizes, the amplitude of the deformation oscillation of the larger droplet is decreased by reducing the size ratio of the smaller droplet to the bigger one.     

Bubble size distribution in acoustic droplet vaporization via dissolution using an ultrasound wide-beam method

Performance and efficiency of numerous cavitation enhanced applications in a wide range of areas depend on the cavitation bubble size distribution. Therefore, cavitation bubble size estimation would be beneficial for biological and industrial applications that rely on cavitation. In this study, an acoustic method using a wide beam with low pressure is proposed to acquire the time intensity curve of the dissolution process for the cavitation bubble population and then determine the bubble size distribution. Dissolution of the cavitation bubbles in saline and in phase-shift nanodroplet emulsion diluted with undegassed or degassed saline was obtained to quantify the effects of pulse duration (PD) and acoustic power (AP) or peak negative pressure (PNP) of focused ultrasound on the size distribution of induced cavitation bubbles. It was found that an increase of PD will induce large bubbles while AP had only a little effect on the mean bubble size in saline. It was also recognized that longer PD and higher PNP increases the proportions of large and small bubbles, respectively, in suspensions of phase-shift nanodroplet emulsions. Moreover, degassing of the suspension tended to bring about smaller mean bubble size than the undegassed suspension. In addition, condensation of cavitation bubble produced in diluted suspension of phase-shift nanodroplet emulsion was involved in the calculation to discuss the effect of bubble condensation in the bubble size estimation in acoustic droplet vaporization. It was shown that calculation without considering the condensation might underestimate the mean bubble size and the calculation with considering the condensation might have more influence over the size distribution of small bubbles, but less effect on that of large bubbles. Without or with considering bubble condensation, the accessible minimum bubble radius was 0.4 or 1.7 μm and the step size was 0.3 μm. This acoustic technique provides an approach to estimate the size distribution of cavitation bubble population in opaque media and might be a promising tool for applications where it is desirable to tune the ultrasound parameters to control the size distribution of cavitation bubbles.     

磷脂微滴囊泡化的介观模拟

发展了一种非显示溶剂的粗粒化三粒子磷脂模型,该模型明确反映磷脂分子的双尾结构．模型分别采用变形的MIE作用势和Harmonic作用势描述分子间非成键和分子内成键相互作用,粗粒化力场参数通过拟合DPPC双分子层的结构和力学性质获得．该粗粒化模型成功重现了磷脂分子从随机初始态到双分子层和从盘状结构到囊泡的形成过程．应用该模型系统研究了球形和柱形磷脂微滴囊泡化的过程,结果表明此模型能有效地模拟介观尺度下复杂磷脂囊泡的形成及演化．     

Numerical study on the desorption processes of oil droplets inside oil-contaminated sand under cavitation micro-jets

The removal of the adsorbed oil droplet is critical to deoiling treatment of oil-bearing solid waste. Ultrasonic cavitation is regarded as an extremely useful method to assist the oil droplets desorption in the deoiling treatment. In this paper, the effects of cavitation micro-jets on the oil droplets desorption were studied. The adsorbed states of oil droplets in the oil-contaminated sand were investigated using a microscope. Three representative absorbed states of the oil droplets can be summarized as: (1) the individual oil droplet adsorbed on the particle surface (2) the clustered oil droplets adsorbed on the particle surface; (3) the oil droplet adsorbed in a gap between particles. The micro-jet generation during the bubble collapse near a rigid wall under different acoustic pressure amplitudes at an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz was investigated numerically. The desorption processes of the oil droplets at the three representative absorbed states under micro-jets were also simulated subsequently. The results showed that the acoustic pressure has a great influence on the velocity of micro-jet, and the initial diameter of cavitation bubbles is significant for the cross-sectional area of micro-jets. The wall jet caused by a micro-jet impacting on the solid wall is the most important factor for the removal of the absorbed oil droplets. The oil droplet is broken by the jet impinging, and then it breaks away from the solid wall due to the shear force generated by the wall jet. In addition to a higher sound pressure, the cavitation bubble at a larger initial diameter is more important for the desorption of the clustered oil droplets. Conversely, the micro-jet generated by the cavitation bubble at a smaller initial diameter (0.1 mm) is more appropriate for the desorption of the oil droplet in a narrow or sharp-angled gap.     

Semi-analytical and computational investigation of different dust loading structures affecting the performance of a fibrous air filter

In this study, a semi-analytical model was developed to illustrate the relationship between filtration performance (filtration efficiency and pressure drop) and dust loading under two different particle deposit structures based on theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. Under the compact deposit structure, within the practical parameter ranges (fiber diameter, air velocity, dust loading mass), a slight efficiency enhancement (∼10%) occurred at the most penetration particle size (MPPS) and pressure drop increased significantly (∼100%) in response to the solidity increase from 5% to 15%. However, under the dendritic particle deposit structure, both filtration efficiency (∼40%) and pressure drop (∼600%) increased significantly with the same solidity increase due to the larger air velocity and swerve change between fibers.     

液滴溅落问题的光滑粒子动力学模拟

对传统的光滑粒子动力学方法进行了改进, 改进的光滑粒子动力学方法对传统粒子方法中的核近似式和粒子近似式进行了修正, 采用Riemann 算法求解光滑粒子动力学流体控制方程, 添加了表面张力的计算程序, 考虑了表面张力对液滴溅落的影响. 应用改进的光滑粒子动力学方法对液滴静止状态下冲击液面的飞溅过程进行了数值模拟. 计算结果表明, 改进的光滑粒子动力学方法能够有效地描述液滴溅落液面的动力学特性和自由表面变化特征, 能够得到稳定精度的结果.