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91.
92.
由于信息的不对称,导致可观测信息的综合测评指数是多维随机变量,参照HolmstromMilgrom(1991)模型的基本框架,建立代理人承担n项任务时均衡对策模型,得出最优解.同时进一步探讨了委托人对代理人承担的一部分任务努力程度不可测,一部分任务努力程度间接可测,一部分任务努力程度完全可测的情形,在不失一般性的前提下就代理人承担三项任务时,运用相关系数分析其任务之间的相关性对替代性任务和互补性任务中最优分享系数的影响.结果表明,委托人在制定绩效工资方案时,要均衡考虑风险态度、激励成本和测评方差才能达到期望效果. 相似文献
93.
94.
M. Hosseinpour P. Nikdel M.A. Akbari 《Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems: Methods, Tools and Applications in Engineering and Related Sciences》2013,19(3):250-262
This article proposes a Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model of single-link rotary flexible joint robot. The proposed control method is based on parallel distributed control. The parameters of T-S controller are improved by distributed population genetic algorithm (GA) with chaos GA. Using Hermite–Biehler theorem in distributed population, GA is made to have a fast convergence. Dividing search space into several sub-spaces causes a better response, and chaos disturbance helps the whole algorithm to reach a best answer. The stability of the controller is analysed via the sum of squares programming, and finally, it is implemented on the plant. 相似文献
95.
E. WOLCAN G. FERRAUDI M.R. FELIZ R.V. GÓMEZ L. MIKELSONS 《Supramolecular chemistry》2013,25(2):143-148
Abstract Proteins that bind preferentially to specific recognition sites on DNA also bind more weakly to nonspecific DNA. We have studied both specific and non-specific binding of the EcoRI and BamHI restriction endonucleases, and determined enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding free energy (ΔG°bind) using both the van't Hoff method and isothermal titration calorimetry. Specific binding is characterized by a strongly negative ΔC°p and can be either enthalpy-driven or entropy-driven, depending on temperature. Nonspecific binding has ΔC°p ≈ 0 and is enthalpy-driven. A strongly negative ΔC°p is the ?thermodynamic signature’ of site-specific binding, because it reflects the characteristics of a tight complementary recognition interface: the burial of previously hydrated nonpolar surface and restriction of configurational-vibrational freedoms of protein, DNA, and water molecules trapped at the protein-DNA interface. These factors are absent in nonspecific complexes. We probed the contributions to ΔC°p by varying the sequence context surrounding the recognition site. As ΔG°bind improves, ΔC°p' ΔH° and ΔS° all become more negative, and there is a linear correlation between ΔH° and ΔS° (enthalpy-entropy compensation). Because these context variations do not change the protein-base or protein-phosphate contacts, the hydrophobic contribution or the number of trapped water molecules at the interface, we conclude that a better sequence context improves the ?goodness of fit’ in the interface and and thus increases the magnitude of the negative configurational-vibrational contribution to ΔC°p. 相似文献
96.
Masatoshi Hasegawa Daiki Hirano Mari Fujii Misako Haga Eiichiro Takezawa Shinya Yamaguchi Atsushi Ishikawa Takashi Kagayama 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(3):575-592
This work presents novel colorless polyimides (PIs) derived from 1R,2S,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H″‐PMDA). Isomer effects were also discussed by comparing with PI systems derived from conventional hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride, that is, 1S,2R,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H‐PMDA). H″‐PMDA was much more reactive with various diamines than H‐PMDA, and the former led to PI precursors with much higher molecular weights. The results can be explained from the quite different steric structures of these isomers. The thermally imidized H″‐PMDA‐based films were colorless regardless of diamines because of inhibited charge‐transfer interaction. In particular, the H″‐PMDA/4,4′‐oxydianiline system simultaneously achieved a very high Tg exceeding 300 °C, high toughness (elongation at break > 70%), and good solution processability. In contrast, the H‐PMDA‐based counterparts were essentially insoluble. The outstanding solubility of the former probably results from disturbed chain stacking by its nonplanar steric structure. An advantage of chemical imidization process is also proposed. In some cases, a copolymerization approach with an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride was effective to improve the thermal expansion property. The results suggest that the H″‐PMDA‐based PI systems can be promising candidates for novel high‐temperature plastic substrate materials in electronic paper displays. A potential application as optical compensation film materials in liquid crystal displays (LCD) is also proposed in this work. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
97.
G. De Marchis 《Fiber and Integrated Optics》2013,32(3):277-317
Abstract Coherent lightwave techniques, when compared to direct detection techniques, offer nearly quantum noise limited sensitivity as well as fine tunability similar to that obtained at radio frequencies. These two aspects provide communication systems planners and engineers the means to better exploit the huge bandwidth of single mode optical fibers. Research activity in this field started in the early 1980s, and some laboratory experiments and field trials were performed by the end of the decade, showing that such techniques are suitable for transmitting multigigabit per second signals to distances well exceeding hundred kilometers. On the other hand, coherent multichannel, frequency division multiple access, local area networks have been proposed and experimented worldwide. This article will discuss the theoretical advantages and limitations of the various modulation and detection formats together with the state of the art. Moreover, some aspects, related to the introduction of coherent systems in local and metropolitan area networks, will be treated. Finally some experimental data will be provided and future evolution will be discussed. 相似文献
98.
V. Chandra Z. Huang W. Qiu R. Kumar 《Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems: Methods, Tools and Applications in Engineering and Related Sciences》2013,19(3):255-280
Interaction of multiple discrete event systems (DESs) represented as automata are carried out using composition operations. These operations on automata enforce concurrency, wherein an event exists in the composed automaton if it exists in the participating states of the interacting automata possessing the event in their event set. Heymann generalized this by introducing event priorities, wherein an event exists in the composed automaton if it exists in the participating state of the interacting automata having priority over the event. For two interacting automata P and Q, while prioritized composition can model the P, Q, AND, and OR boolean interactions, it cannot model boolean interactions which require exclusivity of participation, namely, “exclusive P”, “exclusive Q”, “exclusive P or exclusive Q”, “exclusive P and exclusive Q”. In order to also model these additional interactions we propose a generalization of prioritized composition by introducing an exclusivity set besides the existing priority sets. The resulting composition is called prioritized composition with exclusion. We also introduce prioritized composition with exclusion and generation that allows for all sixteen boolean modes of interaction possible when two automata interact. This is done by the further introduction of a nor-generative set. This event set together with the two priority sets and an exclusivity set makes it possible to model eight additional boolean interactions which do not require either of the interacting automata to participate for the event to be enabled in the composed automaton. The applicability of these interactions to decentralized supervisory decision fusion and in composing the rules based model of systems has been illustrated. 相似文献
99.
Watekar P.R. Goswami M.L.N. Biswas J.C. Acharya H.N. 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2004,36(5):405-411
The Er-doped double-core dispersion compensating fiber (EDDCF) has been fabricated using modified chemical vapor deposition
(MCVD) technique. We have obtained 14 dB gain at 1550 nm (using a diode laser of 980 nm wavelength which provides 100 mW of
pump power) with dispersion of about −165 ps/km nm. It is useful for the optical fiber network where amplification as well
as negative dispersion is necessary. We are the first to report the experimental realization and characterization of the EDDCF. 相似文献
100.
采用定向棱镜谐振腔、半圆柱面LD阵列交错侧向泵浦两根串接NdYAG激光棒、热传导冷却结构,研制出了一台工程实用的全固化激光器.定向棱镜腔内振荡光线平行于光轴的对称位置交换穿行,匀化了增益,降低了模序数;同时,定向棱镜准相位共轭特性和自准直作用在一定程度上修正波前畸变、热光楔以及热致双折射,保证了大的动态范围内热稳定性,改善了光束质量.激光器采用Cr4+YAG被动调Q,在室温条件下,工作电流为53 A、频率10 Hz时,1.06 μm单脉冲激光能量高于150 mJ、脉宽9 ns、输出稳定度±3%、束散度2.5 mrad且光轴指向稳定,远场分布近似相干平顶高斯光束. 相似文献