无人机在复杂电磁环境下的效能评估

通过分析无人机的结构层次和研究复杂电磁环境对无人机的影响,建立了复杂电磁环境下无人机的效能评估指标体系,通过主观赋权法和客观赋权法得到各项指标的权重,针对评估指标的模糊性和不确定性,基于云理论的原理,实现一定条件下评估指标的定性与定量的描述,综合考虑了评估过程中的模糊性和不确定性因素,并利用评价云模型拟合出无人机在复杂电磁环境下的综合效能。结合实例模拟分析表明,复杂电磁环境下的无人机云效能评估模型,为复杂电磁环境下无人机的定量化效能评估提供参考。     

基于云计算Hadoop异构集群的并行作业调度算法

针对Hadoop异构集群中计算和数据资源的不一致分布所导致的调度性能较低的缺点,设计了一种基于Hadoop集群和改进Late算法的并行作业调度算法;首先,介绍了基于Hadoop框架和Map-Reduce模型的调度原理,然后,在经典的Late调度算法的基础上,对Map任务和Reduce任务的各阶段执行时间进度比例进行存储和更新,为了进一步地提高调度效率,将慢任务迁移到本地化节点或离数据资源较近的物理节点上,并给了基于改进Late算法的作业调度流程;为了验证文中方法,在Hadoop集群系统上测试,设定1个为Jobtracker主控节点和7个为TaskTracker节点,实验结果表明文中方法能实现异构集群的作业调度,且与其它方法比较,具有较低的预测误差和较高的调度效率。     

Measurement of the fragmentation of Carbon nuclei used in hadron-therapy

The increasing use of Carbon nuclei in cancer therapy centres is motivated by their potential advantages as a very precise high LET radiation. The knowledge of the fragmentation of Carbon nuclei when they interact with the human body is important to evaluate the spatial profile of their energy deposition in the tissues, hence the damage to the tissues neighbouring the tumour. We report here a study of the fragmentation with the nuclear emulsion experimental technique. We have designed, built and exposed to a Carbon nuclei beam a chamber made of Lexan plates alternated with nuclear emulsion films. Lexan plates acted as passive material simulating human body tissues while nuclear emulsion films were used as both tracking devices with micrometric accuracy and ionisation detectors. Such a detector allowed the detection of Carbon interactions produced along their path, the identification of the fragments produced and the measurement of their scattering angle. We have measured the Carbon ion survival probability and studied their interactions. We report on the secondary particle multiplicity and the electrical charge distribution. We give results of the scattering angle of final state fragments as well as the range for H and He. Finally we give the total and partial charge-changing cross-sections for Δz=1,2,3,4$\mathrm{\Delta }z=1,2,3,4$ which are compared with previous results when available. The present work aims at providing data required as input to Monte Carlo simulations of Carbon ion interactions in the human body and ultimately of their therapeutic effectiveness.     

基于云模型的地下商城火灾防范能力评估

将逆向云发生器与一维前件云发生器综合集成,比对待评估地下商城与地下工程"火灾防范能力数据库"各项指标之间的确定度,并利用Matlab云发生器工具箱对各个等级的确定度进行大量随机计算,通过比较各个等级的中值与均值,判断待评估地下商城的火灾防范能力等级.结论表明,综合云发生器不仅可以客观全面的保留原始评价信息,而且评价结果更加立体直观.     

柴油的抛撒成雾及燃爆特性研究

为了研究柴油、阻燃柴油、阻燃抑爆柴油的抛撒成雾及燃爆特性,使用高速摄像系统记录云雾形成过程,采用红外热成像系统记录火球演变情况。研究表明:在中心药柱爆轰驱动下,油料液滴与空气快速混合形成云雾,其尺寸随油料运动黏度的增大而减小;3种柴油形成的云雾均在二次引爆后产生火球,阻燃柴油的火球最高温度较柴油低35%,阻燃抑爆柴油较阻燃柴油低23%;阻燃柴油的火球最大直径和高度较柴油小54%、42%,阻燃抑爆柴油较阻燃柴油小46%、55%;火球持续时间,阻燃柴油较柴油短38%,阻燃抑爆柴油较阻燃柴油短47%。说明在抑制火球温度上升和尺寸增长的效果上,阻燃抑爆柴油优于阻燃柴油,阻燃柴油优于柴油。     

云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器发展现状及趋势

气溶胶是影响地球气候和环境的不确定因素之一,星载被动光学遥感具有大视场、宽波段、高时空分辨率等优势,已成为云与气溶胶探测的有效手段之一。本文简述了云与气溶胶光学遥感探测的必要性和可行性,详细介绍了国内外典型云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的系统组成、主要技术参数和方案特点,并基于现有仪器的不足和气溶胶反演需求,指出了云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的发展趋势,给出了新一代云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的方案设计结果。集成大视场、中等分辨率、多角度、多光谱、宽谱段、长寿命的高精度偏振测量是新一代星载云与气溶胶光学遥感探测仪的首选方案和发展趋势。     

An optimal switching approach toward cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone photovoltaic panel system under stochastic environment

The operation of a stand‐alone photovoltaic (PV) system ultimately aims for the optimization of its energy storage. We present a mathematical model for cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone system based on a PV panel equipped with an angle adjustment device. The model is based on viscosity solutions to partial differential equations, which serve as a new and mathematically rigorous tool for modeling, analyzing, and controlling PV systems. We formulate a stochastic optimal switching problem of the panel angle, which is here a binary variable to be dynamically controlled under stochastic weather condition. The stochasticity comes from cloud cover dynamics, which is modeled with a nonlinear stochastic differential equation. In finding the optimal control policy of the panel angle, switching the angle is subject to impulsive cost and reduces to solving a system of Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman quasi‐variational inequalities (HJBQVIs). We show that the stochastic differential equation is well posed and that the HJBQVIs admit a unique viscosity solution. In addition, a finite‐difference scheme is proposed for the numerical discretization of HJBQVIs. A demonstrative computational example of the HJBQVIs, with emphasis on a stand‐alone experimental system, is finally presented with practical implications for its cost‐effective operation.     

Cloud Point Phenomenon in Amphiphilic Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride+Electrolyte Systems

Herein we report clouding phenomenon occurring in amphiphilic drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) in the presence of electrolytes. The CP of 50 mM drug solution, prepared in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, was found to decrease with increasing pH due to deprotonation of drug molecules at high pH. Addition of inorganic salts (KF, KCl and KBr) to drug solutions at fixed pH (6.7) and drug concentration (50 mM) caused an increase in CP. The results have been discussed on the desorption/adsorption of counterions to the headgroups. Cations also increased the CP by affecting the water structure with their effectiveness being in the order: Li⁺<Na⁺<K⁺<NH₄ ⁺. In the presence of NaCl, increase in drug concentration increased the CP while increase in pH showed an opposite trend.     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定自来水及酒类样品中的痕量铁

利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100在温度高于其浊点时形成相分离行为,建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铁的新方法,探讨优化了以KSCN为显色剂,TritonX-100浊点萃取富集痕量铁的实验条件.研究发现:加入正辛醇可使TritonX-100的浊点降低约30℃,有利于萃取实验的进行;同时,加入的正辛醇与TritonX-100对痕量铁起到了协同萃取作用.在优化了的实验条件下,进行了痕量铁的分析,检出限为0.02mg·L-1,加标回收率为97.4%～101.6%,应用于自来水及酒类样品中痕量铁的测定,结果满意.     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中的痕量镉

研究了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定痕量镉的新方法,利用表面活性剂Triton X-100和络合剂1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)对镉进行浊点萃取。详细探讨了影响浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的因素。优化条件为:0.25 mL 30%NaC l,pH 8.5,0.50 mL、4.0×10-4mol/L PAN,0.2 mL 1.0%TritonX-100。在最佳条件下,镉的富集倍率为50倍,检出限为5.9 ng/L,RSD为2.1%。该方法用于环境样中痕量镉的富集和测定,结果令人满意。