岩石爆破破碎时间及微差起爆延时优化

利用分形理论分析岩石爆破的破碎时间，提出了岩石爆破破碎时间的计算方法和微差起爆延时优化的一种途径。     

Modification of the fracture criterion for V-shaped notches (plane problem). Relationship between toughness and strength and structural parameters

A fracture criterion of the type of the Neuber-Novozhilov criterion is proposed to describe the fracture in the vicinity of the tip of a V-shaped notch under tensile and shear loading. In the proposed criterion, the limits of averaging of the stresses along the notch axis depend on the presence, location, and size of the initial defects in the material. The crystal lattice parameter of the initial material is chosen for the characteristic linear size. For a V-shaped notch subjected to tension and shear, simple equations are obtained that relate the stress intensity factors for the modified singularity coefficients, the singularity coefficients themselves, and the theoretical tensile and shear strengths of a single crystal of the material taking into account the damage to the material in the vicinity of the notch tip. The equations obtained allow a passage to the limit from a notch to a crack. It is shown that the classical critical stress intensity factor used in the strength analysis of cracked solids is not a material constant.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 106–115, January–February, 2005.     

京承高速公路新道沟连拱隧道的优化设计

本文以京承高速公路新道沟连拱隧道为实例,应用有限元数值方法对连拱隧道二次衬砌的围岩抗力、应力、变形及其稳定性等问题进行了模拟与分析。首先,基于连拱衬砌的结构型式,作者建立了该隧道的数值模型,并提出用弹性杆单元按作用力等效的原则模拟围岩抗力;根据数值模拟结果对隧道支护结构的承载能力进行了讨论,并基于规范对二次衬砌进行了结构强度校核。该研究结果为新道沟隧道支护结构设计的优化提供了科学依据。     

岩爆与围岩分类

岩爆是高地应力条件下完整脆性硬质围岩失稳的一种表现型式,岩爆烈度如何影响围岩类别尚不清楚,探索岩爆与围岩分类的关系,对准确判别高地应力条件下的围岩类别有着重要意义。本文以某深埋隧洞围岩分类为依据,对我国水利水电地下洞室围岩分类中岩爆烈度与围岩类别的关系、岩爆判别指标的选取等问题进行了探讨。     

Deformation model for brittle materials and the structure of failure waves

Constitutive equations that describe the experimentally observed failure waves are proposed to model inelastic strains of brittle materials. The complete system of equations is hyperbolic, each equation of this system has divergent form. The model is based on the assumption that continual failure is the process of transition from an intact state to a “fully damaged” state described by the kinetics of the order parameter. The structure of stationary traveling compressive waves is analyzed using a simplified model. It is shown that in a certain range of amplitudes, the wave splits into an elastic precursor and a failure wave. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 164–172, May–June, 2007.     

嵌岩桩桩端承载力探讨

以往嵌岩桩的试验资料表明,当上覆岩土层较薄、嵌岩桩的入岩深度较小时,嵌岩桩的极限端承力对桩的承载能力起主导作用。为求出桩端极限承载力的表达式,本文将嵌岩段以上岩土层自重视为作用在基岩半平面上的均布荷载,把桩端合力分解为相对简单的荷载作用于基岩平面上,利用滑移线理论并通过叠加的方法分析出桩端基岩破坏时的最危险点。然后根据Mindlin课题求出该点的应力,运用Griffith准则的Murrell推广导出桩端极限承载力的公式,并指出了此公式的适用范围。最后结合工程实际进行了对比分析,表明本文方法具有一定的实用性。     

Mean field calculation of effective permeability based on fractal pore space

Effective permeability for porous rocks is calculated using mean field theory. We make two simplifying assumptions about the internal conductances in a network representation of the porous rock: (i) Pore space is characterized by a uniform fractal scaling; (ii) the internal conductances depend only on the characteristic pore sizes. Within these approximations, it is possible to derive a simple probability density for the internal conductances which is used for calculating effective permeability. Good agreement between calculations and experimental data of permeability vs. porosity is achieved.     

对称表面动载下有限块体的破裂过程

实验表明,受对称布置的表面爆炸载荷的脆性块体,会在通过载荷作用点连线的某一平面上破裂。为解释这一现象并进一步探讨利用类似方法破碎岩块的可能性,本文介绍了应用弹性动力学理论建立的计算模型以及所进行的动光弹和混凝土块模型试验。研究结果表明:在所述载荷条件下,应力波特别是自由界面反射的拉伸波对块体的破碎起重要作用;由于多向拉应力集中,在块体加载端面梭边中部最易产生径向裂隙,此后在侧面反射波的作用下裂隙延伸,与中部可能存在的裂纹贯通,从而将块体破开;对称加载使应力波在块体内多次叠加有利于块体充分破碎。     

不同围压实验变形物质中的微观滑移方式标志研究

通过不同围压条件下岩石破裂粘滑或稳滑实验样品的微观对比观测研究，分析了压力对滑移方式标志的可能影响，提出在不同围压条件下，变形物质中赋存的微观粘滑或稳滑的识别标志，为类似围压条件下形成的天然样品微观滑移方式标志的识别提供了实验判据。