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71.
Peter Bode 《商业与工业应用随机模型》2013,29(3):187-198
During the sampling of particulate mixtures, samples taken are analyzed for their mass concentration, which generally has non‐zero sample‐to‐sample variance. Bias, variance, and mean squared error (MSE) of a number of variance estimators, derived by Geelhoed, were studied in this article. The Monte Carlo simulation was applied using an observable first‐order Markov Chain with transition probabilities that served as a model for the sample drawing process. Because the bias and variance of a variance estimator could depend on the specific circumstances under which it is applied, Monte Carlo simulation was performed for a wide range of practically relevant scenarios. Using the ‘smallest mean squared error’ as a criterion, an adaptation of an estimator based on a first‐order Taylor linearization of the sample concentration is the best. An estimator based on the Horvitz–Thompson estimator is not practically applicable because of the potentially high MSE for the cases studied. The results indicate that the Poisson estimator leads to a biased estimator for the variance of fundamental sampling error (up to 428% absolute value of relative bias) in case of low levels of grouping and segregation. The uncertainty of the results obtained by the simulations was also addressed and it was found that the results were not significantly affected. The potentials of a recently described other approach are discussed for extending the first‐order Markov Chain described here to account also for higher levels of grouping and segregation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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将现代光学测试技术、计算机技术和光电子技术相结合, 研究了基于面阵CCD,成像物镜和微机的微小尺寸检测系统, 实现了二维尺寸的高精度、非接触、实时自动检测。系统结构简单, 易于操作, 对环境要求宽松。为实现二维尺寸的非接触自动检测, 需要获得被测工件的边缘轮廓参数。解决了非线性平滑、阈值确定和边缘提取等关键技术, 利用边缘轮廓跟踪的方法获取工件的边缘轮廓图像, 系统可精确地确定工件的边缘轮廓曲线。作为实例对微米级玻璃珠的球度进行了测试。该测试系统为非接触式测量, 克服了传统测试方法一些固有的缺点, 不会对工件造成永久性损伤。实验表明该系统测量范围大, 绝对精度达到3.0 μm, 重复性好。 相似文献
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在膜系的优化设计中,以膜系结构为参数的评价函数是一个非常复杂的多峰值函数。传统的优化算法强烈地依赖于膜系的初始设计,且易陷入较接近于初始结构的一个局部极值处。为解决这一矛盾,将全局寻优的自适应进化算法用于光学薄膜的膜系优化设计,设计中只需问题解的编码和适应度函数,而不依赖其他任何辅助信息(包括初始结构),有利于自动设计的进行。将该方法与常用设计方法进行了比较。高反膜、分光镜的实例优化表明:在相同设计要求下,用自适应进化算法可以得到更加合理的膜系结构,而且膜系结构简单,设计灵活,容易实现。理论和实践均表明该方法是高效和可靠的。 相似文献
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The analysis of vitamin D status, with special emphasis on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is gaining interest in clinical studies due to the classical and non-classical effects attributed to this prohormone. In this research, the influence of the two steps preceding determination (viz. sample collection and preparation) on the quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its more important metabolites has been studied. Two preparation approaches, deproteination and solid-phase extraction (SPE), have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity to delimit their application, thus establishing that detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cannot be addressed by protein precipitation. Concerning sample collection, serum and plasma reported high accuracy (above 83.3%) for vitamin D and metabolites, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 12.9% for all analytes in both samples. Statistical analysis revealed that serum and plasma provided similar physiological levels for vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, while significantly different levels were obtained for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, always higher in plasma than in serum. Sample collection and treatment have proved to be significant in the analysis of vitamin D and its relevant metabolites. 相似文献
80.
M. Araceli Snchez-Snchez Cristina Conde Beatriz Gmez-Aylln David Ortega-DelCampo Aristeidis Tsitiridis Daniel Palacios-Alonso Enrique Cabello 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,22(11)
Automated border control systems are the first critical infrastructure point when crossing a border country. Crossing border lines for unauthorized passengers is a high security risk to any country. This paper presents a multispectral analysis of presentation attack detection for facial biometrics using the learned features from a convolutional neural network. Three sensors are considered to design and develop a new database that is composed of visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and thermal images. Most studies are based on laboratory or ideal conditions-controlled environments. However, in a real scenario, a subject’s situation is completely modified due to diverse physiological conditions, such as stress, temperature changes, sweating, and increased blood pressure. For this reason, the added value of this study is that this database was acquired in situ. The attacks considered were printed, masked, and displayed images. In addition, five classifiers were used to detect the presentation attack. Note that thermal sensors provide better performance than other solutions. The results present better outputs when all sensors are used together, regardless of whether classifier or feature-level fusion is considered. Finally, classifiers such as KNN or SVM show high performance and low computational level. 相似文献