Large-eddy simulation of formation of three-dimensional aeolian sand ripples in a turbulent field

With the method of large-eddy simulation, the equation of spherule motion and the method of immersed boundary condition, numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulent aeolian motion and the formation of sand ripples under three-dimensional turbulent wind and the mutual actions of saltation and creeping motion were carried out. The resulting sand ripples have the form that is flat on the upwind side and steep on the leeward, which is identical to the sand ripples in nature. We also realized the self-restoration process of three-dimensional sand ripples, which shows the correctness of the method of numerical simulation and the models of saltation and creeping. Finally, We analyzed the influence of sand ripples on the three-dimensional turbulent wind field, and found that due to the appearance and development of sand ripples, in the normal direction of ground there exists stronger energy exchange, and moreover, there is close correspondence between the forms of sand ripples and the vorticity close to the ground surface. Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10532040)     

稠油在水蒸汽作用下组成变化研究

报道了在水蒸汽作用下辽河油田稠油发生的化学变化,研究结果表明,稠油在水蒸汽作用下,其组成中饱和烃`芳香烃含量增加,胶质沥青质含量减少,粘度下降28%以上.气相色谱分析结果表明,稠油经水蒸汽作用后,其累积炭原子数少于C25的已经达到50.97%,远远超过处理前的17.93%.这为进一步实现稠油井下催化降粘开采提供了依据.     

微乳酸的缓蚀行为及其在岩心中的酸化效果

微乳酸的缓蚀行为及其在岩心中的酸化效果;土酸;微乳酸;油藏;缓蚀;填砂管;岩心     

硼酸盐固化酚醛树脂

硼酸与多元醇的络合反应已被用于硼酸浓度的滴定分析、硼选择性树脂等[1 ] 。Ecolotec树脂是一种用硼酸盐固化的碱性酚醛树脂 ,制备时以KOH溶液为溶剂 ,以硼砂为交联剂 ,通入CO2 降低溶液 pH值而交联 ,因其固化快、无污染 ,可用作铸造用冷芯盒树脂砂粘结剂。加入硅烷偶联剂与增塑剂能大幅度提高树脂砂固化后的抗拉强度[2 ] ,以碱金属氧化物与氢氧化物作为促硬剂 ,也可以提高树脂砂强度[3] 。赵鹏等[4] 合成了G盐改性酚醛树脂 ,由该树脂得到的树脂砂固化后 2 4h强度高于Ecolotec树脂。谭晓明等[5 ,6] 发现 ,树脂与硼酸根离子的配位反应是…     

石油防砂割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损性能研究

以直径为0.1～0.6 mm的石英砂为磨料,黏度为10 mPa·s的原油为携砂液,在自制的冲蚀磨损试验装置上研究了含砂原油对石油防砂割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损性能,采用LW200-4CS数码倒置金相显微镜观测了筛管缝口表面的冲蚀磨损形貌;利用曲线拟合方法建立了割缝筛管冲蚀磨损率与原油流速、砂粒直径、砂粒浓度、冲蚀角之间关系的数学模型.结果表明:筛管的冲蚀磨损率随含砂原油流速的增加而成指数关系增加;开始时随着原油中所携带砂粒直径和浓度的增加,筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,达到一定数值后砂粒直径和浓度再增加,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率反而降低;随着冲蚀角的增大,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,在冲蚀角为90°时达到最大,这种现象不同于塑性材料的冲蚀磨损机理;所建立的数学模型与试验结果较吻合.     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层力学与疲劳性能研究

防治反射裂缝是半刚性基层沥青路面新建或改建工程中的难题之一.橡胶沥青应力吸收层是一种较好的反射裂缝防治结构.本文设计了包含应力吸收层复合试件的剪切与疲劳试验,通过室内和现场取芯试件,研究了橡胶沥青应力吸收层及其他封层的力学和疲劳性能.聚酯玻纤布应力吸收层疲劳性能最好,但在较高橡胶沥青洒布量下,橡胶沥青与聚酯玻纤布应力吸收层疲劳性能接近;橡胶沥青应力吸收层的抗剪切变形能力最大,且其抗剪强度也比较高;橡胶沥青洒布量对橡胶沥青应力吸收层的抗剪强度、疲劳能力影响较大.当橡胶沥青洒布量在1.8～3.0kg/m2间增加时,橡胶沥青应力吸收层的抗剪强度、疲劳能力均增加,但不是线性关系增加.     

Microwave assisted fabrication of polymethyl methacrylate-graphene composite nanoparticles applied for the preparation of SBS modified asphalt with enhanced high temperature performance

In order to improve the high temperature rutting resistance ability and stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, microwave heating emulsion polymerization strategy was used to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) composite (PMMA-GNPs) which was used to prepare PMMA-GNPs/SBS modified asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis characterizations showed that PMMA-GNPs particles were successfully prepared having a weight ratio of GNPs: PMMA of 1:9. Microwave heating reduced the reaction time from 5 h to 30 min compared to conventional oil bath heating. Dynamic shear rheological test and multi-stress creep recovery test confirmed that 0.06% PMMA-GNPs/SBS modified asphalt (0.06% PMMA-GNPs of the mass of base asphalt) exhibited an increase of 14.2% in elastic modulus (G′), while rutting resistance was enhanced and sensitivity to stress changes was reduced as compared to those of 5% SBS modified asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy analysis and phase separation test revealed that an appropriate amount of PMMA-GNPs can be uniformly dispersed in SBS modified asphalt and enhance the mutual interaction of SBS with base asphalt. Based on the results of mechanical tests and characterizations, a suitable modification mechanism of PMMA-GNPs particles in the original SBS modified asphalt was described in detail. This study proposes a simple, cost effective and fast strategy for the preparation of PMMA-GNPs incorporated SBS modified asphalt and hence can be envisioned of great promise in construction and highway industries.     

热辐射通量对沥青改性PMMA燃烧特性的影响

采用本体聚合法制备沥青改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)块体,研究了热辐射通量对其热释放速率平均值、质量损失速率平均值、点燃时间、CO及CO_2产率的影响。结果表明,添加沥青的PMMA点燃后300 s内平均热释放速率由569 kW/m~2降低到了525 kW/m~2,沥青使其燃烧更加平稳;沥青改性PMMA的平均热释放速率、质量损失速率和CO产率与热辐射通量成线性递增关系;点燃时间随着辐射通量的增加而呈指数衰减趋势;CO_2产率在热辐射通量低于40 kW/m~2时基本不变,高于40 kW/m~2时呈线性递增。添加沥青之后PMMA能够平稳燃烧使其可以作为锥形量热仪标准物质候选物,得到的燃烧特性与热辐射通量的函数关系式为其不确定度评估提供了依据。     

INFLUENCE OF DISPLACEMENT OF SATURATED SAND STRATUM ON PRE-STRESSED ANCHORS

土层变形是造成预应力值波动甚至失效的重要原因. 利用载荷位移传递函数,基于弹性理论建立了饱和粉细砂层变形过程中锚索受力模型,通过实例研究了锚索预应力值在施工过程中的变化规律及锚固体在地层变形中的受力特性,结果表明锚固体接触面剪切刚度,锚索倾斜角度以及锚固体直径都是影响锚固体内力及接触面剪切应力的重要因素,为类似的预应力锚索支护工程的设计施工提供经验.     

交通荷载下沥青路面车辙三维非线性有限元分析

建立了半刚性沥青路面和柔性沥青路面的三维有限元模型,采用非线性粘弹塑性理论分析了不同交通荷载对沥青路面车辙变形和切应力的影响,并考虑了刹车、路面纵坡对路面车辙的影响。结果表明:在相同荷载作用下,两种路面结构的车辙变形和切应力分布随着路面深度呈非线性分布,但不同路面结构对交通荷载变化的敏感性存在较大的差异;不同的胎压、轮载以及刹车产生的水平力对路面车辙变形有着较大的影响。当胎压为1 050 kPa及轮载为62.5 kN时,路面产生的车辙都大于在标准荷载及标准胎压时路面产生的车辙;在坡度为1%～6%时,路面纵坡对沥青路面车辙深度的影响不明显;在坡道上行车(特别是下行)时刹车是路面车辙过大的主要原因。