关节软骨模拟运动摩擦磨损行为研究

采用牛关节软骨与不锈钢摩擦副在人工膝关节模拟运动试验机上进行模拟膝关节运动的摩擦学试验研究,探讨载荷和时间对摩擦磨损行为的影响并分析其作用机理,同时对软骨表面进行分析。结果表明：随着载荷从640增至1000 N,牛软骨表面磨痕的宽度的深度均增大;在同样载荷下,随着模拟运动时间从20增至60 min,牛软骨表面磨痕的宽度和深度增大。软骨磨损表面的磨痕和破损表面检测有铁元素的存在,表明不锈钢材料在摩擦过程中发生转移。试验后得到的磨粒包括长条形的金属磨粒和圆形的软骨成分磨粒。     

Investigation of Friction in a Natural Cartilage-Microporous Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Pair

Investigation results for a friction pair incorporating a UHMWPE specimen with a microporous surface layer carrying an electret charge and a counterbody of an animal cartilage are presented. Based on the results obtained, theoretical and experimental bases for manufacturing metal-polymer unipolar heads of hip joint endoprostheses have been developed. The experimental results have proved that the modified polymer head of the unipolar hip joint excels the initial one when operated in a human organism.     

Differential scanning calorimetric examination of the tracheal cartilage after primary reconstruction with differential suturing techniques

Summary Resection and subsequent end-to-end anastomosis of the windpipe is a tried-and-tested acceptable method for the surgical treatment of segmental defects. There are a variety of different techniques for tracheal end-to-end anastomosis, but controversial reports highlight the fact that the suturing technique of the anastomosis is still subject of debate. We aimed to show the postoperative effects of the continuous and simple interrupted suturing technique respectively on the tracheal cartilage using differential scanning calorimetry. Transsection and subsequent reanastomosis of the cervical trachea was performed in 14 adult beagle dogs. The trachea was anastomized with continuous or simple interrupted sutures respectively depict no change in microcirculation after the resection of the trachea, but significant decrease following the completion the anastomosis with continuous sutures. Conventional histological analysis did not show any marked postoperative change in the tracheal cartilage but our DSC scans clearly demonstrated the differences between the intact cartilages and the ones involved in the anastomosis.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定鲨鱼软骨中的微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对鲨鱼有进行全元素的半定量分析。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）对其进行微量元素测定，选用钇作内标元素，可较好地克服基体效应，所研究元素的回民率在８１．６－１００．７％之间，铁、锌、硒、铜、锰、钼，钛和锶等元素的测定下限分别是：０．６０、０．５５，０．２１，０．３９，０．０４２，０．２７，０．０３８，０．４８μｇ．ｇ＾－１，实验表明鲨鱼软骨含有     

Biomechanics in cartilage tissue engineering

关节软骨是关节表面具有弹性的承重组织, 其结构复杂, 由固体相和液体相组成. 固体相包括胶原纤维、蛋白多糖等, 属纤维增强型复合结构; 液体相包括水、电解质等.关节软骨提供了一个低磨损和低摩擦的光滑界面, 起缓冲振动和传递载荷等支撑作用. 由于膝关节承受的运动量大、应力高, 关节软骨损伤在临床上较为常见. 但软骨内没有血管, 代谢缓慢, 其损伤后难以实现自我修复. 组织工程从理论上建立了一种治疗软骨缺损的理想方法, 但尚未成为临床上常规的治疗选择. 如何获得结构和功能相匹配, 同时适用于临床治疗的工程软骨, 至今仍是亟需解决的问题.在体外构建功能化工程软骨, 关键在于运用生物反应器对组织施加合适的力学载荷: 首先保证工程软骨复合体内信号分子、营养和废物的有效运输; 其次对支架内种子细胞产生特定的力学刺激; 同时促进细胞外基质结构与功能的适应性发展.本文对力学载荷在软骨组织工程构建中的应用进展加以综述: 按照作用于组织层面的力学载荷传递所需的介质属性, 将其分为液体介导、固体介导和其他媒质介导三种类型, 重点关注不同载荷对工程软骨功能化构建的作用和效果; 分析讨论软骨组织工程构建中存在的关键生物力学问题; 总结和展望软骨组织工程未来的发展趋势.软骨组织工程体外培养需要考虑力学载荷和生化刺激的耦合作用; 在合适的生化条件下进行滚动、滑动和压缩复合加载, 将有利于工程软骨的体外功能化构建.     

Analytical Solution of Compression,Free Swelling and Electrical Loading of Saturated Charged Porous Media

Analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional consolidation, free swelling and electrical loading of a saturated charged porous medium. The governing equations describe infinitesimal deformations of linear elastic isotropic charged porous media saturated with a mono-valent ionic solution. From the governing equations a coupled diffusion equation in state space notation is derived for the electro-chemical potentials, which is decoupled introducing a set of normal parameters, being a linear combination of the eigenvectors of the diffusivity matrix. The magnitude of the eigenvalues of the diffusivity matrix correspond to the time scales for Darcy flow, diffusion of ionic constituents and diffusion of electrical potential.     

载药聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯水凝胶膜的制备及性能

选择(NH4)2S2O8为引发剂,N-N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为制孔剂,通过改变水凝胶膜的溶剂与单体的配比、交联剂和制孔剂的量等制备出不同性质的水凝胶膜,运用电镜扫描、含水率、电子拉力机等表征不同水凝胶膜的性能.本研究尝试将硫酸新霉素药物作为载入药物导入水凝胶中,进行载药和缓释能力测试.实验结果表明,当单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯与水的比例为1∶3,引发剂过硫酸铵含量为单体1.0%(w/V),SDS为4.0%(w/V),MBA为4.0%(w/V)时,水凝胶的含水率为42.84%,拉伸强度为0.32MPa,药物缓释累积达峰时间为8.17h,综合性能较佳.     

Differences in Cartilage Repair between Loading and Unloading Environments in the Rat Knee

We investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of loading on cartilage repair in rat full-thickness articular cartilage defects. A total of 40 male 9-week-old Wistar rats were studied. Full-thickness articular cartilage defects were created over the capsule at the loading portion in the medial condyle of the femur. Twenty rats were randomly allocated into each of the 2 groups: a loading group and a unloading group. Twenty rats from these 2 groups were later randomly allocated to each of the 2 groups for evaluation at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery. At the end of each period, knee joints were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. In both groups at 1 and 2 weeks, the defects were filled with a mixture of granulation tissue and some remnants of hyaline cartilage. The repair tissue was not stained with toluidine blue in both groups. Strong staining of type I collagen was observed in the repair tissue of both groups. The area stained with type I collagen was smaller in the unloading group than in the loading groups, and the stained area was smaller at 2 weeks than at 1 week. In the staining for type II collagen, apparent staining of type II collagen was observed in the repair tissue of both groups at 1 week. At 2 weeks, there was a tendency toward a higher degree of apparent staining in the loading group than in the unloading group. Accordingly, these results indicated that loading and unloading in the early phase of cartilage repair have both merits and demerits.     

Automatic knee cartilage segmentation from multi-contrast MR images using support vector machine classification with spatial dependencies

Accurate segmentation of knee cartilage is required to obtain quantitative cartilage measurements, which is crucial for the assessment of knee pathology caused by musculoskeletal diseases or sudden injuries. This paper presents an automatic knee cartilage segmentation technique which exploits a rich set of image features from multi-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images and the spatial dependencies between neighbouring voxels. The image features and the spatial dependencies are modelled into a support vector machine (SVM)-based association potential and a discriminative random field (DRF)-based interaction potential. Subsequently, both potentials are incorporated into an inference graphical model such that the knee cartilage segmentation is cast into an optimal labelling problem which can be efficiently solved by loopy belief propagation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated on a database of multi-contrast MR images. The experimental results show that using diverse forms of image and anatomical structure information as the features are helpful in improving the segmentation, and the joint SVM-DRF model is superior to the classification models based solely on DRF or SVM in terms of accuracy when the same features are used. The developed segmentation technique achieves good performance compared with gold standard segmentations and obtained higher average DSC values than the state-of-the-art automatic cartilage segmentation studies.