Critical comparison of emission spectroscopic determination of dissociation in hydrogen RF discharges

The degree of dissociation of molecular hydrogen in a RF parallel plate plasma reactor is analyzed by three dif erent emission spectroscopic methods. These schemes are based on the comparison of line intensities of atomic and molecular hydrogen and of argon which is admixed as a tracer gas (actinometry). The different schemes yield similar results in the parameter ranges where they are applicable. The basic assumptions, the available cross sections, and the conditions and limitations of applicability of the different schemes are compared and discussed.     

Potential of liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticides and transformation products in water

Until now, time-of-flight (TOF) mass analysers have only been very rarely used in pesticide residue analysis (PRA) of water samples. However, the inherent characteristics of TOF MS make these analysers well-suited to this field, mainly for qualitative purposes. Thus, the high sensitivity obtained from full-scan acquisition in comparison to other MS analysers and the high resolution of TOF MS suggest its suitability for screening purposes; it also increases the multiresidue capabilities of methods based on it and decreases the chance of recording false positives. Although these characteristics can also be helpful for quantification, confirmation and elucidation, some limitations on the use of TOF for these purposes have been observed. These limitations are more noticeable when dealing with samples containing very low analyte concentrations, which is the normal situation for PRA in water. The use of hybrid quadrupole–time-of-flight instruments (QTOF) minimises the limitations of TOF, facilitating the simultaneous detection and unequivocal confirmation of pesticides found in the sample. Additionally, the acquisition of accurate product ion full-scan mass spectra can help to elucidate the structures of unknown compounds. In this paper, the potential of TOF and QTOF hyphenated to liquid chromatography for PRA in water is explored, emphasizing both the advantages and limitations of this approach for screening, quantification, confirmation and elucidation purposes. Emphasis is placed on the determination of polar pesticides and transformation products—the analytes that fit well with LC–API–(Q)TOF MS technology.     

Diffuse interstellar bands: a comprehensive laboratory study

As a result of the search for the identity of the chromophores responsible for producing the diffuse interstellar bands, a comprehensive exposition of experimental data is presented, which implicates the following molecules: (1) The extremely stable organic molecules, magnesium tetrabenzoporphyrin (MgTBP) and H(2)TBP. (2) A paraffin matrix (referred to as "grains") containing TBPs. (3) A low concentration of pyridine (also within the grains), whose transmission window at 2175 A, accounts for the ubiquitous UV bump. The blue emission spectra associated with the central star, HD44179, of the Red Rectangle displays the fluorescence excitation spectra of bare MgTBP. This unique spectrum matches the low temperature lab data of MgTBP in the vapor phase. An effective grain temperature of 2.728 K (+/-0.008) was deduced, based on MgTBP's lowest measured vibrational state of 341 GHz.     

Spectroscopic alterations on enamel and dentin after nanosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation

Laser irradiation on hard tissue has produced a resistant surface that is likely to prevent caries. In this study, human enamel and dentine were exposed to nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser with energy densities of 20-40 J/cm(2) and pulse width of 6 ns inducing chemical changes in these tissues. Infrared analysis of human dental enamel and dentine was performed using the KBr method (2mg sample/300 mg KBr). A correlation between non-lased and lased spectra was performed that gives an indication of the changes in organic and inorganic compounds after laser-tissue interaction. Spectra of teeth simultaneously show the inorganic and organic parts of the tissue. The principal bands: amide bands A, I, II, and III from the collagen-matrix, phosphate from the mineral content, and carbonate bands were identified. The normalized area of peak versus peak position was determined. Changes of the bands attributed to the collagen matrix were verified after Nd:YAG irradiation. The present results suggest a chemical modification of organic and mineral compounds by laser. The spectral results indicated an alteration in the absorption bands relative to, essentially, organic compounds.     

基于PHI影像敏感波段组合的冬小麦条锈病遥感监测研究

利用ASD地面非成像光谱仪对不同严重度的冬小麦条锈病的冠层光谱反射率进行测定,同时调查病情指数。通过对地面实测的46组病情指数与相应的光谱反射率进行相关性分析,筛选出了小麦条锈病在350～1 500 nm的敏感波段。结合多时相的高光谱航空飞行遥感图像数据的特点和规律,最终选择红波段的620～718 nm与近红外波段的770～805 nm为条锈病在PHI影像上的敏感波段。并利用620～718 nm和770～805 nm的平均光谱反射率与相应的病情指数建立了多元线性回归模型:DI=19.241 R_1—2.207 R_2+12.274,验证结果表明,该模型的历史拟合度很好。并利用此模型最终在PHI影像上成功的实现了对冬小麦条锈病发生程度与发生范围的监测。     

Origin of the 330 nm absorption band and effect of doping Yb in LiYF4 crystals

The electronic structures of LiYF₄ (YLF) crystals containing F color center (YLF-F) and Yb doped YLF crystals (Yb³⁺:YLF, Yb²⁺:YLF) are systematically studied within the framework of the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the 330 nm absorption band originates from the F center in YLF crystals. Thus the doping of Yb³⁺ can weaken the 330 nm absorption band by competing with F vacancies in capturing free electrons arising after γ-irradiation and change to Yb². By analyzing the lattice relaxation and the electronic structure of YLF containing Yb²⁺, we can reasonably believe that once Yb²⁺ is formed in YLF crystal, its compensating hole will turn out to be shared by two F⁻ nearest to Yb²⁺ forming a diatomic fluoride molecular ion () perturbed by Yb²⁺, or to say V_F color center. According to the molecular-orbital linear combination of atomic orbital (MO-LCAOs) theory, compared to the alkali halides, e.g. LiF, the in V_F center in LiYF₄ peaks at about 340 nm, which is in agreement with the experimental results.     

基于空间分解变换的模糊错误矩阵方程求解

模糊错误逻辑对现实世界的对象用(u,x)表示为((U,S(t),■T(t),L(t)),(x(t)=f((u(t),■),GU(t)),GU(t)),用模糊错误变换矩阵可以表示分解、相似、增加、置换、毁灭、单位变换等6种变换方法,本论文基于求解方程XA′=B,针对■的分解,研究了基于空间分解变换的错误矩阵方程求解。以期从矩阵方程求解的角度对错误转化规律进行探索研究。     

Applications of operator identities to the multiple q-binomial theorem and q-Gauss summation theorem

In this paper, we first give an interesting operator identity. Furthermore, using the q-exponential operator technique to the multiple q-binomial theorem and q-Gauss summation theorem, we obtain some transformation formulae and summation theorems of multiple basic hypergeometric series.     

On Global Asymptotic Stability of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Systems

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability of the autonomous planar systems $ \dot {x} = p_2(y)q_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = p_3(y)q_3(x)x + p_3(y)q_4(x)y $ and $ \dot {x} = f_1(x) + h_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = f_3(x) + h_4(x)y $ , under the assumption that all functions involved in the equations are continuous and that the origin is a unique equilibrium. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for the origin to be globally asymptotically stable.