配点型区间有限元法

在分析Taylor展开``点逼近'区间有限元法不足的基础上, 提出了基于Chebyshev第一类正交多项式全局逼近目标函数的配点型区间有限元法. 该方法不需要计算目标函数对不确定性变量的灵敏度, 不要求不确定性变量的变化范围为小区间, 并适合求解目标函数为不确定变量非线性函数的情形. 目标函数正交展开式的系数采用Gauss-Chebyshev求积公式得到,故需要在不确定性变量所在区间内配置高斯积分点. 计算目标函数在高斯点的取值是该方法的主要工作量, 当不确定性变量数为m, 并选用高斯十点法进行积分时, 需要对系统进行12$m$次分析. 算例表明, 在其他区间有限元法失效的情况下, 配点型区间有限元法依然能够得到几乎精确的区间界限.      

Turbulent Couette–Taylor flows with endwall effects: A numerical benchmark

The accurate prediction of fluid flow within rotating systems has a primary role for the reliability and performance of rotating machineries. The selection of a suitable model to account for the effects of turbulence on such complex flows remains an open issue in the literature. This paper reports a numerical benchmark of different approaches available within commercial CFD solvers together with results obtained by means of in-house developed or open-source available research codes exploiting a suitable Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) closure, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and a direct numerical simulation (DNS). The predictions are compared to the experimental data of Burin et al. (2010) in an original enclosed Couette–Taylor apparatus with endcap rings. The results are discussed in details for both the mean and turbulent fields. A particular attention has been turned to the scaling of the turbulent angular momentum G with the Reynolds number Re. By DNS, G is found to be proportional to Re^α, the exponent α = 1.9 being constant in our case for the whole range of Reynolds numbers. Most of the approaches predict quite well the good trends apart from the k–ω SST model, which provides relatively poor agreement with the experiments even for the mean tangential velocity profile. Among the RANS models, even though no approach appears to be fully satisfactory, the RSM closure offers the best overall agreement.     

Self-similarity of a Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer at low Atwood number with a multimode initial perturbation

High-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) of a low-Atwood number (A = 0.05) Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer is performed using the 10th-order compact difference code Miranda. An initial multimode perturbation spectrum is specified in Fourier space as a function of mesh resolution such that a database of results is obtained in which each successive level of increased grid resolution corresponds approximately to one additional doubling of the mixing layer width, or generation. The database is then analysed to determine approximate requirements for self-similarity, and a new metric is proposed to quantify how far a given simulation is from the limit of self-similarity. It is determined that mixing layer growth reaches a high degree of self-similarity after approximately 4.5 generations. Statistical convergence errors and boundary effects at late time, however, make it impossible to draw similar conclusions regarding the self-similar growth of more sensitive turbulence parameters. Finally, self-similar turbulence profiles from the LES database are compared with one-dimensional simulations using the k-L-a and BHR-2 Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models. The k-L-a model, which is calibrated to reproduce a quadratic turbulence kinetic energy profile for a self-similar mixing layer, is found to be in better agreement with the LES than BHR-2 results.     

Turbulent structures in an optimal Taylor–Couette flow between concentric counter-rotating cylinders

The turbulent structures formed in a Taylor–Couette (TC) flow established between two concentric counter-rotating cylinders were explored numerically. The shear Reynolds number was set to Re_shear = 8000 and the radius ratio was set to r_i/r_o = 0.5. An optimal flow corresponding to the maximal angular velocity transport between the cylinders was selected for the TC flow. The mean velocity profile reached its steepest value near the cylinders in the optimal TC flow. The streamwise velocity correlations at the outer cylinder in the gap exceeded those at the inner cylinder. The large convective transport of angular velocity in the gap generated a maximal angular velocity flux to achieve the optimal flow. The angular velocity flux generated by the momentum source exceeded that generated by the momentum sink. The vorticity dispersion was larger near the inner cylinder than near the outer cylinder, but vorticity stretching near the outer cylinder exceeded than that near the inner cylinder. The skin friction coefficient budgets were plotted using the velocity–vorticity correlation. The vortex stretching contributions dominated the skin friction budgets. The area near the inner cylinder was populated by stronger vortices, but their population density was smaller than the population density of the vortices near the outer cylinder. The probability density functions of the wall-normal and streamwise velocity fluctuations delineated the presence of the large wall-normal velocity fluctuations near the outer cylinder.     

Viscosity,heat conductivity,and Prandtl number effects in the Rayleigh–Taylor Instability

The two-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem is simulated with a multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model with a gravity term. Viscosity, heat conductivity, and Prandtl number effects are probed from macroscopic and nonequilibrium viewpoints. In the macro sense, both viscosity and heat conduction show a significant inhibitory effect in the reacceleration stage, which is mainly achieved by inhibiting the development of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Before this, the Prandtl number effect is not sensitive. Viscosity, heat conductivity, and Prandtl number effects on nonequilibrium manifestations and the degree of correlation between the nonuniformity and the nonequilibrium strength in the complex flow are systematically investigated.     

A numerical study on the deformation and fracture modes of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests

A heterogeneous material model based on macro-mechanical observations is proposed for simulation of fracture in steel projectiles during impact. A previous experimental study on the deformation and fracture of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests resulted in a variety of failure modes. The accompanying material investigation showed that the materials used in the impact tests were heterogeneous on scales ranging from microstructure as investigated with SEM to variation in fracture strains from tensile tests. A normal distribution is employed to achieve a heterogeneous numerical model with respect to the fracture properties. The proposed material model is calibrated based on the tensile tests, and then used to independently simulate the Taylor bar impact tests. A preliminary investigation showed that the simulations are sensitive to assumptions regarding the anvil behaviour and friction properties. A flexible anvil and a yield-limited friction law are shown to be necessary to correctly reproduce the experimental behaviour. The proposed model is then shown to be capable of correctly reproducing all fracture modes but one, and also predict critical impact velocities for projectile fracture with reasonable accuracy. Fragmentation at velocities above the critical velocity is not well reproduced due to excessive element erosion. Measures to make the element erosion process more physical are proposed and discussed with their respective drawbacks. The use of a simple fracture criterion in combination with an element erosion technique accentuates the effect of distributing the fracture parameter.     

基于新的圆锥补偿结构的姿态算法（英文）

提出基于一种新的圆锥补偿结构的捷联惯导姿态算法。与传统的姿态算法不同,新算法中同时引入了角速率和角增量用于圆锥补偿(适用于角速率输入或角速率和角增量同时输入)。基于所提出的圆锥误差补偿结构,引入时间泰勒方法进行圆锥误差补偿优化设计,并定义了两种性能评价模型,以分别用于一般圆锥和机动环境下的姿态算法性能评估。将新的姿态算法与传统角增量输入的姿态算法通过仿真进行了对比分析,结果表明,在相同的采样频率和姿态更新周期以及相同的圆锥和机动环境的条件下,新的五子样姿态算法的性能明显优于传统角增量输入的五子样姿态算法。     

基于非结构网格间断有限元方法在可压缩流体中的应用

本文开发了一套基于非结构网格的间断有限元方法(DG)程序,并对与单元形状无关的斜率限制器进行了研究。此程序支持多种网格类型,能够方便应用于具有混合单元的非结构网格,具有处理复杂几何结构的能力,为研究叶轮机械内部复杂流动现象提供了有效的研究工具。本文利用该程序对若干典型无黏和黏性问题进行数值模拟,结果表明,该程序具有较高的可信度,能够处理具有混合单元的非结构网格,并给出良好的数值模拟结果。     

Numerical computation of end plate effect on Taylor vortices between rotating conical cylinders

End plate effect on Taylor vortices between rotating conical cylinders is studied by numerical method in this paper. We suppose that the inner cone rotates together with the end plate at the top and the outer one as well as the end plate at the bottom remains at rest. It is found that the instability sets in at a critical Reynolds number about Re = 80. Increase Re to about Re = 200 the first single clockwise vortex is formed near the top of the flow system. Further increase Re to about Re = 440 another clockwise vortex is formed under the first one. At about Re = 448 the third vortex is formed which rotates in counterclockwise direction between the first two vortices. With increasing of Re the process continues. Finally, a configuration is obtained with an odd number of vortices in the annulus at about Re = 700, which confirms the experimental observation. Moreover, the local extreme values of pressure and velocity are achieved at the adjacent lines between neighboring vortices or at the medium lines of vortices. The effect of gap size on vortices is also considered. It is shown that the number of vortices increases with decreasing of the gap size and the end plates play an important role in the parity of the number of the vortices.     

辛普生公式中间点的渐近性(英文)

辛普生公式是数值积分中的著名公式.利用泰勒公式,讨论了当区间的两个端点都趋于其内一定点时辛普生公式中间点的渐近性,得到了具有一般性的结果.