GEOCHEMISTRY OF PRE-MESOZOIC GOLDBEARING FORMATIONS IN SHAOXINGLONGQUAN UPLIFT REGION, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

The geochemistry of the main country rocks of gold deposits in Shaoxing-Longquan uplift region has been systematically studied in this paper. The authors believe that the Proternzoic Shuangxiwu group is the primary gold-bearing formation in this region and the Sinian-Cambrian Chencai group and the Precambrian Zuoxi migmatized quartz-diorite are the derivative gold-bearing formations. The genesis of rocks, content distribution features of gold and silver, characteristics of associated trace elements and other geochemical features in these formations clearly show a relationship of inheritance with evolution. By means of metamorphic-solution and volcanic-solution or/and other geological actions, these gold-bearing formations supplied the necessary ore-forming materials for the gold deposits in this region.     

SOURCE ROCKS OF THE CALEDONIAN-AGE GRANITOID ROCKS IN WANYANGSHANZHUGUANGSHAN, SOUTHEAST GHINA (Ⅰ)——EVIDENCE FROM Sr-Nd-Pb-O ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS

Based on the systematic study by means of Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopic constraints, the Caledonian-age granitoid rocks from Wanyangshan-Zhuguangshan, southeast China, were derived from the regional unexposed basement rocks of middle Proterozoic in age, belonging to the crust- (S-) type granite. Their source rocks were chemically and isotopically heterogeneous, and probably composed of more than two dominant end-members.     

硅胶-TBP反相萃取层析分离测定水系沉积物及岩矿中微量钼和锡

本文研究了钼与PV-CTMAB的显色反应,结果表明该体系灵敏度虽高,选择性却很差。为此,本文采用硅胶-TBP反相萃取层析法,使Mo、Sn与Ti、W、Ge、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Mn、Fe等分离,提高了方法的选择性.并应用于含上述诸多离子的复杂试样——水系沉积物、岩矿中微量Mo、Sn的测定,取得满意的结果。     

Interpretation of geochemical data by the use of multivariate data analysis

Different strategies of multivariate data analysis are used to interpret a data base from geological samples. Cluster and correspondence analysis are applied to classify properly 34 chemical elements from 10 representative rock samples (volcanic series from Borovitsa, Rhodopa mountains, Bulgaria). Principal components analysis is also used as display method to visualize the relation between the variables and objects of interest. The multivariate data analysis applied makes it possible to interpret the origin and orogenesis of the samples.     

大别山北缘暨邻区中新生代砂岩稀土元素的地球化学特征及对源岩的制约

肥西地区侏罗纪防虎山组、园筒山组和早白垩世周公山组稀土元素具有如下特征: ∑REE为157 μg·g-1,δEu为0.69,(La/Yb)N为11.1.根据稀土元素比值、方差和以及REE分布模型判断,类似于佛子岭群和卢镇关群,后者可能是前者的主要源岩.三尖铺组和黑石渡组具有高的稀土总量,∑REE为264.8,328.2 μg·g-1,高Eu负异常,δEu为0.57,0.67和低的Eu/Sm比值(0.18～0.19),不同于大别山地区变质岩,其源岩值得进一步研究.正阳关组稀土元素特征类似大别杂岩和卢镇关群,表明大别杂岩在新第三纪遭受剥蚀,和卢镇关群一并成为前者的源岩.淮南地区中生代砂岩具有低的稀土总量,∑REE为80.9 μg·g-1,δEu为0.66,(La/Yb)N为5.7,不同于大别山北缘砂岩以及变质岩,说明其物源不是来自于大别山地区.     

Fracking and labquakes

Local fracture events (or labquakes) during compression of shale rocks have been studied by acoustic emission. They are assumed to simulate quakes induced by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) or other water injection activities. Results are compared with those obtained during compression of porous Vycor glass, which are known to display statistical features very similar to those characterising natural earthquakes. Our acoustic emission results show that labquake energies are power law distributed, which is consistent with recent statistical analysis of fracking-/water injection-induced quakes. The data confirm a Gutenberg–Richter behaviour with exponents larger than the exponents characterising the energy distribution of natural earthquakes. In contrast to natural earthquakes, labquakes in shales do not show time correlations, which indicates that the probability of aftershocks is smaller than in the natural scenario (e.g. during Californian earthquakes).     

各种生产过程最优节能参数的存在性(英文)

研究表明,在诸多生产过程中可以优化输入的断裂能量,使加工能耗最小.以一个简单的中心断裂为例,当加截脉冲具有某种特定形态时,施加到样品上引发破裂的能量可以取一个显著的最小值.研究结果显示,优化各种与断裂有关的生产过程,使得能量消耗最小是可能的.这种优化的可能应用包括钻孔或岩石粉碎过程,此时能耗成本通常占生产成本的最大部分.上述方法可以预测钻孔或研磨机等的最优参数,从而大大降低生产成本.文章第二部分研究了接触作用条件下引发断裂的能量输入行为.考虑一个球型粒子冲击一个半空间靶的情形,接触导致的应力场可用赫兹解来估计.定义了断裂判据之后,即可确定引发断裂的球粒临界速度及相应的临界动能.该动能的大小依赖于加载的持续时间,并十分明显地存在一个最小值.据此可断定,存在一个动态冲击的能量最优模式.     

Rechnergestützte Auswertung experimenteller Inkohlungsuntersuchungen

Model investigations, carried out as laboratory coalification reactions with humous and sapropelitic sediments of different maturation degree, showed that conclusions can be drawn about the character of the parent rock of a natural gas using data of the chemical and isotopic composition of the organic substance in sediments and its coalification products.

Several examples demonstrate, that the following parameters have proved as suitable fades- and in part as maturity criteria: CH₄/Σ HKW; C₂H₆/CH₄, i-/n-C₄H₁₀, ¹³C-abundance of organic substance, ¹³C-abundance of methane.

For a complex interpretation all results obtained from coalification experiments over some years were stored in a data file. By means of cluster analysis all samples were classified in groups corresponding to their characteristics represented by the above mentioned five criteria. Four clusters resulted depending on maceral composition of the tested organic sediments. The differentiating criteria of these clusters are discussed.     

超短脉冲激光对岩石的烧蚀作用研究

对干燥状态和浸水后的红砂岩、花岗岩、大理岩在不同超短脉冲激光入射频率和烧蚀发次等条件下的烧蚀情况进行了研究.结果发现,浸水后的岩石烧蚀质量损失明显大于干燥状态下的质量损失.同时质量损失与激光入射频率和烧蚀发次有着密切的关系.     

Über die Anwendung der Compartmenttherie auf die Modellierung der Isotopenzusammesetzung des Stickstoffs in seinem natürlichen Kreislauf

In der Arbeit wird die Compartmenttheorie als Mittel zur mathematischen Modellierung isotopengeochemischer Prozesse bei Berücksichtigung von Isotopieeffekten dargelegt. Mit ihrer Hilfe wird ein globales Modell der Isotopenzusammensetzung des Stickstoffs in seinem natürlichen Kreislauf erarbeitet, das aus 3 durch Flüsse miteinander verknüpften Pools besteht: Stickstoff in den Magmatiten, der Atmosphäre und den Sedimentgesteinen. Neben der Simulation der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Poolgrößen, der δ¹⁵ N-Werte und der Flüsse im Verlauf der Erdgeschichte konnten Beiträge zur Kläung geochemischer Probleme geliefert werden. Die Resultate der Modellierung weisen darauf hin, daß die Uratmosphäre sehr viel weniger Stickstoff als die gegenwärtige Almosphäre enthalten hat (maximal 10% des heutigen Wertes) und daß ein Stickstoffstrom aus dem Oberen Mantel in die Magmatite existiert (etwa 6 ? 10⁵t/a).