全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3576篇 |
免费 | 373篇 |
国内免费 | 233篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2318篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 844篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
数学 | 219篇 |
物理学 | 773篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 81篇 |
2018年 | 70篇 |
2017年 | 97篇 |
2016年 | 130篇 |
2015年 | 151篇 |
2014年 | 210篇 |
2013年 | 263篇 |
2012年 | 214篇 |
2011年 | 226篇 |
2010年 | 184篇 |
2009年 | 206篇 |
2008年 | 192篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 240篇 |
2005年 | 204篇 |
2004年 | 213篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 176篇 |
2001年 | 104篇 |
2000年 | 111篇 |
1999年 | 83篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 53篇 |
1994年 | 49篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4182条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
101.
Yasuhiko Iwasaki Shinpei Komatsu Tadashi Narita Kazunari Akiyoshi Kazuhiko Ishihara 《Macromolecular bioscience》2003,3(5):238-242
A vinyl‐functionalized polyphosphate (PIOP) was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane and 2‐(2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphoroyloxyethyl methacrylate) with triisobutylaluminum as an initiator. The number‐averaged molecular weight of the PIOP was 1.2 × 104. The average number of vinyl groups in the PIOP is 2.20. Transparent hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization of 2‐methacryroyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine with PIOP as a cross‐linking reagent. These hydrogels may have many applications in the biomedical field because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility.
102.
D.H. Kim J.H. Moon D.W. Lee Y.G. Shul 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):403-406
The acid catalyzed sol-gel reaction in the mixed binder system, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS)/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) was investigated and one step and two step synthesis process were compared. Hydrolysis product was observed using the 1H, 13C NMR and Raman spectra. Especially, based on the Raman spectra, epoxy ring opening was observed, varying the ratio of GPTS to APTS. The two step process made clear sol, while the one step process resulted in a milky suspension. According to the Raman spectra, the epoxy ring opening reaction kinetics proceeded slower in the two step process than one step process. Throughout the two step process, it was possible to apply the binder for the coating of substrate. 相似文献
103.
104.
Charlotte Duval Cécile Nouvel Jean‐Luc Six 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(8):1130-1138
Poly(d,l ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) copolyesters are commonly used in biomedical applications. Researches were carried out on nontoxic or low‐toxic catalysts that are enough efficient to provide short polymerization times, adequate microstructure chains and similar properties than the commercial PLGA materials. In this study, PLGA were synthesized by ring‐opening copolymerization (ROP) using three different catalysts. Stannous octoate is the first catalyst we used, as it is very efficient, even its toxicity is still on debate. Two others low‐toxic catalysts [zinc lactate and bismuth subsalicylate (BiSS)] were also evaluated. The comparison of these ROP was realized in terms of kinetics and control of the polymerization. Then, the influence of the catalyst on the PLGA microstructure chains is reported. Finally, abiotic hydrolytic degradation rate is studied. Results described in this article show that BiSS is one very attractive catalyst to produce low toxic PLGA for biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1130–1138 相似文献
105.
目的探讨经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管在维持性血液透析(MHD)患者中的应用价值。方法选取近3年在颈内静脉留置的中心静脉长期血液透析导管因功能障碍后,并经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置长期导管,术后及每次透析后均改用尿激酶封管患者16例(原位换置组);选取同期首次经颈内静脉留置中心静脉长期血液透析导管,普通肝素封管患者20例作为对照组;分析两组患者围术期泵控血流量及随访期的反应及开存期率、次开存期率。结果围术期泵控血流量原位换置组高于对照组,有统计学差异(P<0.05);两组比较感染例次/1000导管日0.9%与1.0%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。原位换置组围术期未发生中重度并发症,12个月开存期率81.2%、次开存期率93.8%;对照组开存期率为65%、次开存期率85%;两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管,在MHD患者中的使用是安全的、可行的。 相似文献
106.
Significant increases in the measured elastic moduli with decreasing indentation depth have been previously found in various polymers by indentation tests with a Berkovich tip at micro-to nanometer length scales. These increases in the determined elastic moduli were related to second order displacement gradients which increase with decreasing depth when a conical tip is applied. When a spherical tip is applied, such depth dependence should not be present as the second order displacement gradients remain essentially unchanged with indentation depth. However, these gradients should be proportional to the radius of the spherical tip. To examine the notion of second order displacement gradient dependence in measurements of elastic moduli, indentation experiments are conducted on epoxy with spherical tips of different nominal radii. Accounting for tip imperfections, an increase in the determined elastic moduli is found with decreasing tip radius, which corroborates the notion of second order displacement gradient dependence. 相似文献
107.
108.
《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2018,56(18):2129-2136
Polyethylene (PE)‐based 3‐ and 4‐miktoarm star [PE(PCL)2, PE(PCL)3] and H‐type [(PCL)2PE(PCL)2] block copolymers [polycaprolactone (PCL)] were synthesized by a combination of polyhomologation, chlorosilane chemistry, and ring opening polymerization (ROP). The following steps were used for the synthesis of the miktoarm stars: (a) reaction of a hydroxy‐terminated polyethylene (PE‐OH), prepared by polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide with a monofunctional boron initiator followed by oxidation/hydrolysis, with chloromethyl(methyl)dimethoxysilane or chloromethyltrimethoxysilane; (b) hydrolysis of the produced ω‐di(tri)methoxysilyl‐polyethylenes to afford ω‐dihydroxy‐polyethylene (difunctional initiator) and ω‐trihydroxy‐polyethylene (trifunctional initiator); and (c) ROP of ɛ‐caprolactone with the difunctional (3‐miktoarm star) or trifunctional macroinitiator (4‐miktoarm star), in the presence of 1‐tert‐butyl‐2,2,4,4,4‐pentakis(dimethylamino)‐2λ5,4λ5‐catenadi(phosphazene) (t‐BuP2). The H‐type block copolymers were synthesized using the same strategy, but with a difunctional polyhomologation initiator. All intermediates and final products were characterized by HT‐GPC, 1H NMR and FTIR analyses. Thermal properties of the PE precursors and all final products were investigated by DSC and TGA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2129–2136 相似文献
109.
Sarah Crotty Felix H. Schacher Ulrich S. Schubert 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(23):4958-4965
We report the synthesis and characterization of well‐defined homo‐ and diblock copolymers containing poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PFGE) via living anionic ring‐opening polymerization using different initiators. The obtained materials were characterized by SEC, MALDI‐TOF MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and molar masses of up to 9400 g/mol were obtained for PFGE homopolymers. If the amphiphilic diblock copolymer PEG‐block‐PFGE was dissolved in water, micelles with a PFGE core and a PEG corona were formed. Hereby, the hydrophobic PFGE core domains were used for the incorporation of a suitable bismaleimide and heating to 60 °C induced the crosslinking of the micellar core via Diels‐Alder chemistry. This process was further shown to be reversible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
110.
Julien Ramier Estelle Renard Daniel Grande 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(7):1445-1455
Microwave (MW)‐assisted ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) provides a rapid and straightforward method for engineering a wide array of well‐defined poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoate)‐b‐poly(D,L ‐lactide) (PHA‐b‐PLA) diblock copolymers. On MW irradiation, the bulk ROP of D,L ‐lactide (LA) could be efficiently triggered by a series of monohydroxylated PHA‐based macroinitiators previously produced via acid‐catalyzed methanolysis of corresponding native PHAs, thus affording diblock copolyesters with tunable compositions. The dependence of LA polymerization on temperature, macroinitiator structure, irradiation time, and [LA]0/[PHA]0 molar ratio was carefully investigated. It turned out that initiator efficiency values close to 1 associated with conversions ranging from 50 to 85% were obtained only after 5 min at 115 °C. A kinetic investigation of the MW‐assisted ROP of LA gave evidence of its “living”/controlled character under the experimental conditions selected. Structural analyses and thermal properties of biodegradable diblock copolyesters were also performed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献