THE POWER FLOW AND TRAVELING WAVE APPROACH TO THE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF BASE-ISOLATED MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS

The receptance approach to periodic structure theory is applied to studythe wave propagation and vibration power flow into a base-isolated multi-storeybuilding due to horizontal harmonic ground motion.Multi-storey buildings andlaminated rubber bearings have been modeled as periodic systems in this paper.Although the simplified model considered is quite simple,it is expected that it will bringforth the key differences between continuous and a single freedom systems.The resultsindicate that the isolation effectiveness depends on not only the number of storeys ofthe laminated rubber bearings but also the frequency characteristics of thesuperstructure.     

Rheological and flow modelling of viscoelastic fluids between eccentric cylinders

Viscoelastic fluid flows within eccentric rotating cylinders are simulated using a finite element based commercial software POLYFLOW, and an approach based on the stream-tube method (STM) and domain decomposition.     

The influences of longitudinal surface roughness on sub-critical and super-critical limit cycles of short journal bearings

By applying the stochastic model of rough surfaces by Christensen (1969–1970, 1971)  and  together with the Hopf bifurcation theory by Hassard et al. (1981) [3], the present study is mainly concerned with the influences of longitudinal roughness patterns on the linear stability regions, Hopf bifurcation regions, sub-critical and super-critical limit cycles of short journal bearings. It is found that the longitudinal rough-surface bearings can exhibit Hopf bifurcation behaviors in the vicinity of bifurcation points. For fixed bearing parameter, the effects of longitudinal roughness structures provide an increase in the linear stability region, as well as a reduction in the size of sub-critical and super-critical limit cycles as compared to the smooth-bearing case.     

On the effects of a compressible viscous lubricant on the load‐bearing capacity of a journal bearing

A compressible viscous isothermal model is presented for studying journal‐bearing lubrication. The viscosity in the model thickens with increasing density. The governing equations are written in terms of velocity, the natural logarithm of the density and the kinematic extra‐stress tensor. A semi‐Làgrangian treatment of the material derivatives is combined with a spectral element discretization in space. The roles of the speed of sound and the eccentricity ratio on the load‐bearing capacity of the journal bearing are investigated. Compressibility is shown to enhance the load‐bearing capacity and this effect is amplified as the eccentricity ratio approaches unity. It is shown that for speeds of sound in the region of those of multigrade oils, the dominant component of the force on the journal acts along the line joining the centres of the bearing and journal and in the direction away from the narrow gap. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zur Probenchemie von Stickstoffverbindungen für die emissionsspektrometrische Isotopenanalyse des Stickstoffs

In einer Übersicht werden diewichtigsten Verfahren zurprobenchemischen Aufbereitung ¹⁵N-markierter Verbindungen wiedergegeben. Im Anschluß daran wird eine bewährte Mikormethode zur Probenchemie von Stickstoffverbindungen für die optische Isotopenanalyse des Stickstoffs beschrieben, die auf der Oxydation von Ammoniumchlorid mittels Natriumhypobromit zu N₂ beruht und Stickstoffmengen von etwa · 10^?6 Mol für eine Probe benötigt. Aufbau der Apparatur und Arbeitsweise werden eingehend erläutert.     

Lubrication analysis of externally pressurized circular porous bearings

The present study introduces a mathematical formulation for externally pressurized circular porous bearings. A porous layer is used to cover one of the bearing surfaces. An empirical boundary condition with a nonzero tangential velocity, which is known as the velocity slip at the interface, is incorporated into the analysis. The effect of pressure on lubricant viscosity is also considered. The mathematical model consists of two coupled partial differential equations; the first governs the pressure distribution in the film and the second governs the pressure distribution in the porous layer. A simultaneous numerical solution of these equations with the boundary conditions is presented. The effects of porous layer permeability parameter, lubricant viscosity parameter, recess radius, and film thickness on pressure distribution and load-carrying capacity are presented and discussed.     

The Wearing of Bearings Studied by Means of High Resolution Microautoradiography)

The high resolution microautoradiography has been originally developed as a sensitive method for the examination of cell structures and cell metabolism. The present state of autoradiography in biology can be denoted as an autoradiography of the molecules within the cells. The employment of microautoradiography is restricted not only to the field of the cell or molecular biolgy, but after a modification of the procedure it can be applied in quite different branches.

In our case microautoradiography has been used as a complementary method in running studies of the wearing out of the rolling bearings (Klime? 1975) for a localization of adhesive wear²) on the different parts of the bearings. If high resolution microautoradiography is used there is a presumption of exact identification of the contact path in the contact surface with qualitative differentiation of rolling and/or sliding contact. These facts give rise to the qualitatively new pieces of knowledge.     

基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法

提出了一种基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法,该方法主要包括故障模型建立和故障识别两个步骤。在故障模型建立部分,首先依据滚动轴承不同故障状态下的振动信号,建立对应的自回归模型,作为故障模型;在故障识别部分,将正常状态下对应的模型,转化为状态空间模型,设计粒子滤波器,然后对不同的故障状态进行估计,提取其残差的相关特征,并结合模型参数特征应用BP神经网络识别算法进行故障识别。最后以美国凯斯西储大学的滚动轴承振动数据为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Chaos in the unbalance response of journal bearings

The behaviour of non-linear systems often yield unexpected phenomena which are extremely sensitive to initial conditions. The hydrodynamic journal bearing is a common machine element which is strongly nonlinear for large excursions within the clearance space. A simple model of a rigid journal, supported hydrodynamically using a short bearing theory is shown to behave chaotically when the rotating unbalance force exceeds the gravitational load. At these values of the force ratio the time history of the response is very sensitive to initial conditions and a spectral analysis demonstrates a significant broadening from the expected peak at the rotational frequency. A once per revolution sampling of the time history (Poincaré plot) revealed an apparent aperiodic pattern. An estimate of the fractal dimension using the Grasberger-Procaccia algorithm resulted in a lower bound of 2.15, a typical result for low dimensional systems with significant dissipative action. The required levels of unbalance are only an order of magnitude greater than acceptable levels for rotating machinery and thus could be achieved with in-service erosion or minor damage. The subsequent non-synchronous response could result in fatigue and potential shaft failure.     

Optimum porous journal bearing ensuring maximum load capacity

The problem of an infinite journal bearing having an isothermal compressible lubricant and a porous bush and ensuring the optimum load capacity is solved. The optimum clearance profiles and bush dimensions and position are found for various properties of the bush and lubricant supply conditions.