核级阀门唇焊焊缝熔深的超声检测方法*

核电阀体唇焊焊缝熔深不足可能导致其在服役期内无预期断裂,由此引起的流质泄露将引起严重的安全事故。因此,极有必要在阀体焊接完成后进行熔深测量以保证足够的焊缝强度。本研究针对阀体唇焊缝粗糙余高曲面声学耦合差、熔深测量难的问题,提出基于喷水式超声聚焦检测技术的唇焊焊缝熔深测量方法。首先,根据核电阀体唇焊焊缝结构特点提出唇焊熔深的超声聚焦测量方法;其次,通过构建检测过程的有限元模型分析焊缝余高曲率对声场聚焦能力的影响,给出余高曲率各异的焊缝检测时的水距修正方法,以便在预定熔深范围内形成高能聚焦声场;最后,分析和提取与唇焊结构相关的检测信号特征,结合金相分析方法修正声速。研究结果显示：通过水距修正可改善焊缝曲率半径变化对聚焦声场的不利影响,曲率半径28.5 mm时焦区声压幅度仅下降11%,基于特征脉冲时间间隔及声速修正可测定焊缝熔深;与金相试验对比,绝对误差小于0.06 mm,满足核电阀门唇焊焊缝熔深测量的需求。     

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给出了混流式转轮叶片与上冠(或下环)采用部分焊透裂纹尖端应力强 度因子的分析模型. 根据给出的模型，结合某电站转轮强度分析结果，通过实际算例，明 确了预留焊缝长度的确定方法. 该方法适用于所有混流式转轮叶片与上冠(或下环)之间 采用部分焊透预留焊缝长度的确定.     

M80S20喷涂层,喷熔层及激光涂敷层的显微组织和耐磨性之研究

本文采用(Fe,Cr,Ni,W,Mo)_(80)(B,Si,C)_(20)铁基非晶自熔合金粉末对20钢材进行了热喷涂、喷熔和激光涂敷等表面处理,研究了这3种涂层的显微组织、成分及硬度分布和耐磨性。作者指出,喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在,其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍;喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小,合金元素能起固溶强化作用,也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用,故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍;激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外,表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体,故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。     

Impact of yttrium ion implantation on corrosion behavior of laser beam welded zircaloy-4 in sulfuric acid solution

In order to study the effect of yttrium ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of laser beam welded zircaloy-4 (LBWZr4), The butt weld joint of zircaloy-4 was made by means of a carbon dioxide laser, subsequently the LBWZr4 samples were implanted with yttrium ion using a MEVVA source at an energy of 40 keV, with a fluence range from 1 × 10¹⁶ to 4 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² at about 150 °C. Three-sweep potentiodynamic polarization measurement was employed to evaluate the aqueous corrosion behavior of yttrium-implanted LBWZr4 in a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface topographic character of the yttrium-implanted LBWZr4 before and after the potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The valences of the carbon, yttrium, and zirconium in the surface layer were analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that a significant improvement was achieved in the aqueous corrosion resistance of yttrium-implanted LBWZr4 compared with that of the un-implanted LBWZr4. The mechanism of the corrosion resistance improvement of the yttrium-implanted LBWZr4 is probably due to the addition of the yttrium oxide dispersoid into the zirconium matrix.     

反应堆贯穿件J形焊缝残余应力研究1）

焊接残余应力是引起应力腐蚀开裂的主要原因,准确地掌握残余应力的分布是对结构完整性评定的关键.为了探明反应堆压力容器顶盖控制棒驱动机构（control rod drive mechanism,CRDM）贯穿件J形焊缝残余应力的分布,本研究加工两个CRDM贯穿件实验模拟件,采用盲孔法测试两个J形接头的焊接残余应力.通过实验探明了CRDM贯穿件焊缝残余应力的分布规律,为反应堆压力容器结构完整性的研究提供必要参考.     

P91钢中厚壁管焊接残余应力分析

针对管道试件规格不同所要求的焊接工艺不一致问题,讨论P91钢中厚壁管对接接头所要求的双人对称焊形式下的焊接残余应力分布规律．基于ANSYS分析软件,以双移动高斯热源结合单元生死技术,利用顺序耦合方法得到P91钢中厚壁管焊接残余应力．讨论热处理工艺对于P91钢中厚壁管焊接残余应力的影响．结果表明,由于焊接工艺在环向位置上的结构反对称性使得焊接残余应力在环向上呈反对称分布;即便经过较高温度的预热处理,没有焊后热处理时最大等效应力仍超过屈服极限;进行焊后整体热处理的P91钢中厚壁管焊接残余应力得到了有效的改善,平均应力数值下降了60%~70%．     

基于美国ASME标准的重载货车车体焊缝疲劳寿命预测

为寻求在设计阶段能较准确地预测重载货车车体焊缝的疲劳寿命评估方法,基于各种标准提供的分析方法对转炉616装甲钢T型焊接接头进行疲劳评估,通过与试验的对比表明,美国ASME标准中的等效结构应力法更能准确预测焊缝的疲劳寿命。为提高某重载运煤敞车车体焊缝的疲劳寿命,建立了包括焊缝在内的敞车车体有限元模型,基于等效结构应力法和AAR标准中的载荷谱,预测了车体关键焊缝的疲劳寿命,其薄弱部位与车体实际发生疲劳裂纹部位基本吻合,依据焊缝的结构应力分布规律的特点,提出的枕梁改进结构可使车体关键焊缝疲劳寿命提高1.7倍。     

Identification of Heterogeneous Constitutive Parameters in a Welded Specimen: Uniform Stress and Virtual Fields Methods for Material Property Estimation

Local strain data obtained throughout the entire weld region encompassing both the weld nugget and heat affected zones (HAZs) are processed using two methodologies, uniform stress and virtual fields, to estimate specific heterogeneous material properties throughout the weld zone. Results indicate that (a) the heterogeneous stress–strain behavior obtained by using a relatively simple virtual fields model offers a theoretically sound approach for modeling stress–strain behavior in heterogeneous materials, (b) the local stress–strain results obtained using both a uniform stress assumption and a simplified uniaxial virtual fields model are in good agreement for strains ɛ _xx < 0.025, (c) the weld nugget region has a higher hardening coefficient, higher initial yield stress and a higher hardening exponent, consistent with the fact that the steel weld is overmatched and (d) for ɛ _xx > 0.025, strain localization occurs in the HAZ region of the specimen, resulting in necking and structural effects that complicate the extraction of local stress strain behavior using either of the relatively simple models.

爆炸处理消除大型柱壳结构环焊缝残余应力实验研究

为探讨大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力消除方法,根据耐压柱壳结构环焊缝焊接工艺,设计并制作了大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝模拟焊接模型,并采用沿焊缝条状布药,分别进行了单、双面布药爆炸处理消除大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力模型实验。结果表明:大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝存在较大的焊接残余应力;单、双面爆炸处理均能有效调整、消除焊接残余应力,残余应力分布明显均匀化;焊后残余应力越大,爆炸处理效果越明显,当焊接残余应力大于0.5s时,单面爆炸处理后残余应力m下降幅度在40%以上,双面爆炸处理后残余应力m下降幅度在60%以上;采用沿焊缝条状布药,爆炸处理能有效消除沿焊缝的纵向残余应力;双面爆炸处理效果优于单面爆炸处理效果。     

On the selective silica application to improve welding performance of the tungsten arc process for a plain carbon steel and for aluminiumAmélioration des performances du procédé de soudage TIG sur un acier au carbone et un alliage d'aluminium par dépôt de silice

This Note presents ways to improve the weld penetration potential of TIG process by optimising silica application around the joints in a plain carbon steel and an aluminium alloy 5086. Whereas for plain carbon steels, full coverage of joint improves penetration, the presence of a blank zone around the joint in the flux coating on aluminium 5086 using AC-TIG seems to be the best solution for cosmetic and deep welds. To cite this article: S. Sire, S. Marya, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 83–89.