Characterisation of underground blast-induced ground motions from large-scale field tests

An in-situ large-scale underground blast test program was conducted to investigate stress wave characteristics inside the medium, at the soil-rock interface and on the soil ground surface. The stress wave measurements were made through a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole inside the rock mass, and along several horizontal lines arranged at the rock-soil interface and on the soil surface. Three different charge weights of 0.5, 2.5 and 10 t with loading densities of 0.5, 2.5 and 10 kg/m³, respectively, were used in the detonation. The measured stress wave time histories and their characteristic parameters, such as peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak particle acceleration (PPA), as well as the principal frequency (PF) at different locations are presented and analyzed in this paper. The results are also compared with those recorded from small-scale tests in a previous study and those from some other researchers, and the pertinent scale effects are discussed by observing differences of the stress wave intensities between the small-scale and the large-scale tests.Received: 18 November 2002, Accepted: 8 July 2003, Published online: 8 October 2003     

Geomechatronics – Interaction between ground and construction machinery and its application to construction robotics

“Geomechatronics” is a technical field in which “Geotechniques” is fused with “Mechatronics” that is the technical field to promote the automatic control of machines by using the electronics. In the field of “Geomechatronics”, a construction machine, which treats geotechnical materials such as soil and rock, automatically evaluates the properties and conditions of the ground and determines the optimum controlling method of itself for the ground with the base of the machine–ground interaction. Some researches for practical use in the field of geomechatronics are introduced, and then the progressing view of this research and technical filed is explained in this paper.     

Pulse laser ablation of ground glass

We have studied pulse laser ablation of ground glass surface. Ablation process in air and in vacuum has been observed by high speed framing camera. Burst of small fragments of glass has been observed in the present experiment, when ground glass surface is laser ablated through glass plate from rear side. Production of macro particles by laser ablation is an inherent characteristic of ground glass, and no similar phenomena have been observed in case of ablation of other transparent materials. By using ns-duration Nd:YAG laser of 100–400 mJ/pulse, observed maximum particle velocity ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 km/s. In order to understand the particle generation process, scanning electron micrograph observation of the ground surface in the region of no laser irradiation and also in the damaged region, has been made. Cleavage surface structure has been evidenced in the damaged surface area, which stems from plenty of micro cracks covering the virgin glass surface. Effects of surface roughness on the particle generation were studied by using ground glass of quartz with different surface roughness. Produced glass particles were captured in vacuum by a polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) plate. Size distribution was obtained by analysing the trapped particles on the PMMA plate and revealed that most probable particles size has almost no dependence on the initial surface roughness. Finally, we applied the phenomena to ignite pentaerithritoltetranitrate (PETN) powder explosive, and succeeded in igniting (PETN) powder only by laser ablation of ground glass.      

黄淮地区巨厚松散层岩性结构特征以及采矿对其水动态的影响

本文选择地处黄淮地区的淮南、淮北、大屯、兖州和邢台等矿区中典型矿井的巨厚松散层，分析了该地区巨厚松散层的岩性结构特征，从水体、地层和采矿波及类型等方面论述了采矿对松散层地下水动态的影响特征，解释和解决了某些实际工程问题。     

昆仑山隧道沟谷融区发育特征分析

利用多年冻土区昆仑山隧道2#冲沟帷幕注浆的机会,将注浆孔当作测试孔,测试每个孔的水位和孔温。通过测试孔水位、孔温和注浆量变化分析,判断2#冲沟融区发育特征,得出2#冲沟沟底的融化深度远大于通常的冻土上限;阳坡地温高于阴坡地温;在2#冲沟段,昆仑山隧道中心线左右至少7m范围内为融化区,融区深度在隧底2⁵m以下;阳坡地层的孔隙率高于阴坡孔隙率,沟底岩层与地表有较为畅通的地下水流通道,沟底地下水渗流通道明显优于两侧山坡,沟心纵断面位置附近存在至少一条未被冻结的地下水通道,且该通道的埋置深度至少可达17³0m,为昆仑山隧道渗漏水病害治理提供依据。     

人工填土高边坡爆破振动动力响应分析研究

通过现场测试,利用频谱分析方法,得到了生产爆破引起的地震波在人工填土高边坡中传播特性和基本规律的研究成果;利用有限元软件,结合实测数据采用模态叠加法,对研究边坡进行了动力响应分析,分析了该边坡表面的加速度及位移分布规律、边坡破坏的形式。     

基于土体细观结构的土质加固分类方法初步分析

目前的土质加固与地基处理技术,大都摒弃土体原有结构不用,或实施强力重新构造土体的结构,以耗费大量的能 量、费用为代价。基于土的细观结构,从加固体的力学特性以及加固土体的结构变化角度对地基处理类别进行三类划分、按 土体加固技术的实施路径进行二类划分,目的是更多地关注加固体与土的相互作用、重视土的结构作用。若能在加固时充分 利用土体的原有强度,在已有的土体结构形式上实施结构上的补强,在理论上将使能量使用更经济、从而节约工程造价,而且 将减少对环境的影响和扰动。     

巷道围岩松动圈的地质雷达探测及应用

在简述地质雷达探测原理的基础上, 分析了巷道围岩松动圈雷达探测的可行性。结合华丰矿巷道围岩松动圈探测实例, 提出了松动圈雷达探测方法、图像分析及探测结果应用。结果表明, 采用地质雷达探测巷道围岩松动圈是可行的, 可以用于指导巷道围岩的锚杆支护设计。     

An investigation of pressure under wheeled vehicles

This paper reviews methods currently used to predict the pressure exerted by a wheeled vehicle on the ground. It describes a programme of experiments designed to measure the pressure at a certain depth in a soil mass, the surface of which is traversed by a number of different vehicles in a range of loading conditions. Methods for inferring the surface pressure from underground measurements are described and compared. The inferred surface pressures are then compared with predicted values. A discussion is given on the usefulness and validity of ground pressure characterisation for wheeled vehicles.