Gated magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial ischemia in dogs: application of multiecho techniques and contrast enhancement with GD DTPA

ECG gated magnetic resonance images were obtained in six canines prior to and immediately following occlusion of either the LAD or circumflex coronary artery using a surgically placed snare. Multiecho and single-echo acquisition techniques were utilized 0.25 mmol/kg Gd DTPA was injected as an IV bolus 1 hr following coronary artery ligation. In two animals, the region of ischemic myocardium was clearly visualized on multiecho technique without the use of intravenous contrast. The ischemic zone could be best identified on images with a long TE of 120 msec. Contrast enhancement with Gd DTPA enabled visualization of the ischemic myocardium in all six canines. Administration of Gd DTPA, a perfusion agent, improved both detectability and definition of the myocardial lesions.     

Analysis and Implications of Transition-Band Signals in High-Resolution NMR

The problem of signals generated in and received from regions outside the active coil area is discussed in the context of using standard measurement techniques. Some of the conceptual and practical consequences of the existence of such transition-band signals are highlighted. Examples include radiation damping, pulse-width calibration, lineshape and radiofrequency homogeneity tests, improper saturation, and exchange- and relaxation-rate determinations. One interesting implication is that apparent sample-to-sample variations in the calibrated 90° pulse width values are a function not only of probe tuning and bulk susceptibility effects, but also of the linewidths involved. A semi-quantitative treatment of the phenomenon is also given.     

A Generalized Modulation Law for Generating Constant-Envelope Signals Via Frequency Modulation

In this paper we generalize the calculus of the power density spectrum (PDS) of a constant-envelope spread-spectrum (CE-SS) signal obtained by means of a frequency modulation (FM) using a random pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signal as the modulation law made by a generic pulse function. We choose two possible profile of such pulses aiming to approximate those generated by the analog circuit implementing the chaotic map and we present both analytical and numerical results that show how the pulse shape affect the PDS shape of the modulated signal.     

Causality Implies Formal State Collapse

A physical theory of experiments carried out in a space-time region can accommodate a detector localized in another space-like separated region, in three, not necessarily exclusive, ways: (1) the detector formally collapses physical states across space-like separations, (2) the detector enables superluminal signals, and (3) the theory becomes logically inconsistent. If such a theory admits autonomous evolving states, the space-like collapse must be instantaneous. Time-like separation does not allow such conclusions. We also prove some simple results on structural stability: within the set of all possible theories, under a weak empirical topology, the set of all theories with superluminal signals and the set of all theories with retrograde signals are both open and dense.     

正常人心动周期改变对房室传导间期心电频谱图的影响

通过正常人行心房食管调搏术来观察生理状态下心动周期 (RR)对房室传导时间 (PR)频谱图的影响 ,以期进一步了解心脏各间期心电频谱图的特征。 1 5例排除心血管疾病者行心房食管调搏术 ,逐步起搏 ,测定其各阶段连续心电信号 1 2 8个周期 ,经快速傅立叶 (FFT)转换后进行频谱分析。结果表明 ,正常情况下 ,随着起搏心率增加 (RR缩短 ) ,PR间期的频谱变化表现为低频逐渐升高 ,高频成分逐渐下降 ,低高比值升高 (P <0 0 5 )。本研究提示生理状态下 ,RR对PR心电频谱图的影响较大 ,这对于进一步探讨心电频谱图各影响因素的定量作用提供了一定的排除心率影响的依据 ,并有益于临床心血管疾病的诊疗     

Wavelet Derivative: Application in Multicomponent Analysis of Electrochemical Signals

The wavelet derivative was developed for resolving overlapped signals in electrochemical analysis. It has been shown that the wavelet derivative could be used as an effective tool in resolution enhancement of the electrochemical signals. Since signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) does not degrade significantly at high order derivatives, the wavelet derivative is much better than the conventional numerical derivative in resolving practical signals with low SNR, particularly in the case when the overlapped degree of complex is high and high order derivatives are required for the further resolution enhancement. In this article, applications of the wavelet derivative in the voltammetric determination of small mounts of substances in the presence of large mounts of potentially interfering species are presented, and the advantages of this technique are discussed as well.     

Use of membrane micropumps for introducing the sample solution in flame atomic absorption spectrometry

The advantages of using membrane micropumps to introduce sample or standard solutions in flame atomic absorption spectrometry are discussed, using two entirely computer-controlled manifolds which allow a wide range of dispersion coefficients to be obtained. Coupling micropumps to the manifold facilitates calibration graphs to be obtained using a single standard solution. Other advantages include a handy on-line dilution stage for excessively concentrated samples as well as the possibility of obtaining pulsed absorbance-time profiles that once submitted to the Fourier transformation, provide amplitude-frequency plots representing an innovative, not yet fully exploited vision of atomic absorption analytical data.     

Measurement of isotope ratios on transient signals by MC-ICP–MS

Precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements are an important task in many applications such as isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, bioavailability studies, or the determination of isotope variations in geological or nuclear samples. The technique of MC-ICP–MS has attracted much attention because it permits the precise measurement of isotope compositions for a wide range of elements combined with excellent detection limits due to high ionisation efficiencies. However, the results are based mainly on measurements using continuous sample introduction. In the present study the determination of isotope ratios on various transient signals with a time duration of 30 to 60 s has been achieved by coupling high-performance liquid chromatography to a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. In order to investigate the origin of ratio drifts across the transient signals for this hyphenated technique, measurements with the same standard solutions were also carried out using a flow-injection device for sample introduction. As a result of this application it could be concluded that the main source of the bias in the measured isotope ratios is within the ICP–MS instead of fractionation effects on the chromatographic column material. Preliminary studies on short transient signals of gaseous samples (dry plasma) showed a reverse fractionation effect compared with wet plasma conditions (flow injection and HPLC).Presented at the 2003 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, January 2003     

传感器阵列信号处理的人工神经网络方法

本文提出传感器阵列信号处理的人工神经网络方法,并以K~+/Ca~(2+)/NO_3~-/Cl~-阵列系统为对象,尝试了该方法的效果。结果表明,其拟合最大相对误差不超过7.4％,预测最大相对误差不超过6.9％。可见,其性能良好,可望成为各种传感器阵列信号处理的有用工具。