基于激光偏振特性的水下声信号探测方法研究

水下航行体辐射的声波传播到水-空气分界面上时,会在水表面形成微扰,使水表面元产生微倾角.提出一种利用激光偏振特性对水下声信号进行探测的方法,不直接利用散射光强信息,而是利用激光在布儒斯特角附近入射水表面时,反射光偏振特性随入射角剧烈变化的特点对水表面微扰进行高精度探测.建立了该方法的理论模型,得到了入射波、出射波垂直分...     

药芯焊丝脉冲TIG增材制造倒Y形电弧光电特性分析

在药芯焊丝脉冲TIG电弧增材制造过程中,发现了电弧“骑”在成形件两侧的现象,该电弧被称为倒Y形电弧。倒Y形电弧对成形件两侧均有加热作用,其偏移导致成形件两侧受热不均,影响熔覆过程稳定性。按照点阵法测得的光谱数据利用Stark展宽方法计算了倒Y形电弧拖曳部分的电子密度,本研究试验条件下有部分区域（侧壁以外2 mm左右,Z方向0位置以下1.5 mm左右）符合局部热力学平衡条件。利用光谱诊断的Boltzmann图法来计算电子温度,将各点的数据拟合得到完整电弧温度场,分别从平行和垂直于焊枪运动方向分析了熔敷过程中倒Y形电弧的温度场。结果表明,从两个方向光谱诊断得到的倒Y形电弧钨极轴线处的温度最高值均大约为14 000~16 000 K, 分布在钨极端部下方0.5~1.5 mm范围内,电弧拖曳部分的温度大约为5 000~8 000 K。在垂直于焊枪运动方向上,当钨极轴线与熔敷层中心重合时,正常倒Y形电弧及其温度场关于钨极轴线对称分布。当钨极轴线偏移熔敷层中心左侧1 mm时,倒Y形电弧向左发生偏移且温度场也向左发生了偏移,熔敷层左侧温度明显高于右侧温度。在平行于焊枪运动方向,倒Y形电弧温度场扭曲较小,熔敷过程中焊丝从钨极前（左）侧送入,扰动电弧且吸收电弧热量,导致电弧前（左）侧的尺寸和温度均小于后（右）侧,电弧拖曳部分出现了收缩现象。通过分析钨极轴线与熔敷层中心重合以及钨极轴线向左偏移熔敷层中心1 mm的电信号,发现前者的均值电压、基值均值电压、峰值均值电压均小于后者。利用电信号结合高斯热源模型进行分析,在成形件左侧壁相同位置,正常倒Y形电弧的温度和热流密度小于偏移的倒Y形电弧,在成形件右侧壁相同位置则相反,这与光谱诊断得到的温度场分布关系吻合。研究结果对于建立电弧增材制造过程中新的热源模型和过程监控具有重要意义。     

Propagation of local excitations through strongly correlated quantum chains

The propagation of an external transverse magnetic signal acting locally on a 1d chain of spins generates a disturbance which runs through the system. This quantum effect can be interpreted as a classical travelling wave which contains a superposition of a large set of frequencies depending on the size of the chain. Its local amplitude fixes the size of the z-component of the spins at any location in the chain. The average and maximum value of the group velocity are determined and compared with the transmission velocity fixed by the Lieb-Robinson upper bound inequality.     

无线电发射装置的仿真与制作

介绍了无线电发射原理并研制一无线话筒。用Multisim软件对电路进行仿真模拟,将模拟与实践制作相结合,通过实验参数的调整,制作出一个简单发射装置。     

Detection of rolling bearing defects using discrete wavelet analysis

In the detection of bearing faults the so much desired objective remains the extraction of the defect vibratory signature from the measured signal in which immerses the random noise and other components of the machine. In this article a denoising method of the measured signals is presented. Based on the optimization of wavelet multiresolution analysis, it uses the kurtosis as an optimization and evaluation criterion, several parameters were then selected. The experimental results show the validity of this method within the detection of several defects simulated on ball bearings. The various configurations, in which the signals were measured, allow leading to optimum conditions of its application. The application of WMRA on filtered signals allows better results than its application on wide bands signals or a simple band pass filtering.     

Wavelet threshold method of resolving noise interference in periodic short-impulse signals chaotic detection

The chaotic oscillator has already been considered as a powerful method to detect weak signals, even weak signals accompanied with noises. However, many examples, analyses and simulations indicate that chaotic oscillator detection system cannot guarantee the immunity to noises (even white noise). In fact the randomness of noises has a serious or even a destructive effect on the detection results in many cases. To solve this problem, we present a new detecting method based on wavelet threshold processing that can detect the chaotic weak signal accompanied with noise. All theoretical analyses and simulation experiments indicate that the new method reduces the noise interferences to detection significantly, thereby making the corresponding chaotic oscillator that detects the weak signals accompanied with noises more stable and reliable.     

Minimum signals in classical physics

The bandwidth theorem for Fourier analysis on any time-dependent classical signal is shown using the operator approeoch to quantum mechanics. Following discussions about squeezed states in quantum optics, the problem of minimum signals presented by a single quantity and its squeezing is proposed. It is generally proved that all such minimum signals, squeezed or not, must be real Gaussian functions of time.     

信号处理技术在重叠化学信号解析中的应用*

重叠峰解析是目前分析化学中亟须解决的一个重要问题,化学计量学用于重叠峰解析就是借助某些数学或统计学方法,把通过化学方法和仪器未能完全分离的复合量测信号分解成几个单儿组分的信号,从而从重叠谱中获取每个组分的相关信息。本文综述了几种常见信号处理技术在重叠化学信号分辨中的应用,引用文献146篇。     

On the Variability of Heart Rate Variability—Evidence from Prospective Study of Healthy Young College Students

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely used as indices for autonomic regulation, including linear analyses, entropy and multi-scale entropy based nonlinear analyses, and however, it is strongly influenced by the conditions under which the signal is being recorded. To investigate the variability of healthy HRV under different settings, we recorded electrocardiograph (ECG) signals from 56 healthy young college students (20 h for each participant) at campus using wearable single-lead ECG device. Accurate R peak to R peak (RR) intervals were extracted by combing the advantages of five commonly used R-peak detection algorithms to eliminate data quality influence. Thorough and detailed linear and nonlinear HRV analyses were performed. Variability of HRV metrics were evaluated from five categories: (1) different states of daily activities; (2) different recording time period in the same day during free-running daily activities; (3) body postures of sitting and lying; (4) lying on the left, right and back; and (5) gender influence. For most of the analyzed HRV metrics, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among different recording conditions within the five categories except lying on different positions. Results suggested that the standardization of ECG data collection and HRV analysis should be implemented in HRV related studies, especially for entropy and multi-scale entropy based analyses. Furthermore, this preliminary study provides reference values of HRV indices under various recording conditions of healthy young subjects that could be useful information for different applications (e.g., health monitoring and management).     

Anomalous Geomagnetic Signal Emphasized before the Mw8.2 Coastal Alaska Earthquake,Occurred on 29 July 2021

A very strong earthquake of magnitude Mw8.2 struck the coastal zone of Alaska (USA), on 29 July 2021. This earthquake was felt around the Gulf of Alaska, on a wide offshore area belonging to USA and Canada. In order to identify an anomalous geomagnetic signal before the onset of this earthquake, we retrospectively analyze the data collected on the interval 17 June–31 July 2021, via internet, at the two geomagnetic observatories, College (CMO)—Alaska and Newport (NEW)—USA, by using the polarization parameter (BPOL) and the strain effect related to geomagnetic signal identification. Thus, for both observation sites (CMO and NEW), the daily mean distribution of the BPOL and its standard deviation (STDEV) are carried out using an FFT band-pass filtering in the ULF range (0.001–0.0083 Hz). Further on, a statistical analysis based on a standardized random variable equation is applied to emphasize the following: (a) the anomalous signature related to Mw8.2 earthquake on the both time series BPOL*(CMO) and BPOL*(NEW); (b) the differentiation of the transient local anomalies associated with Mw8.2 earthquake from the internal and external parts of the geomagnetic field, taking the NEW observatory as reference. Finally, on the BPOL*(NEW-CMO) time series, carried out on the interval 7–31 July 2021, a very clear anomaly of maximum, greater than 1.2 STDEV, was detected on 22 July, with 7 days before the onset of the Mw8.2 earthquake.